查询词典 open-heart surgery

Objective:To evaluate clinical effect of primary aldosteronism by comparing retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy with open surgery.

目的：探讨原发性醛固酮增多症行腹膜后腹腔镜手术治疗的效果，并与开放手术进行对照。

Laparoscopic or retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy is now considered superior to open surgery and becomes a new gold standard for functional adrenal tumor.

腹腔镜或后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术已经被证实是一种较优於传统开刀的手术方式，而且也成为了肾上腺功能性肿瘤之新治疗准则。

BACKGROUND: Venous air embolism is a potentially fatalcomplication of surgery when open veins at a surgical site areexposed to ambient air pressure which exceeds the pressure inthe venous system.

背景：外科手术中，术野开放的静脉暴露于周围的空气，大气压力超过了静脉系统压力，静脉气体栓塞可能成为手术致死的并发症。

Patient controlled analgesia in paediatric surgery: a prospetive study following laparoscopic and open appendicectomy.

2.2 两组麻醉平面、手术时间自控给药次数及有效次数均无显著差异，镇痛时间和用药量有明显差异(P＜0.05)(见表2)。

Open the outer corner of the eye plastic surgery is to achieve a permanent expansion of palpebral fissure for the correction of palpebral fissure is less than normal, such as small palpebral fissure syndrome, or because of trauma and eye disease, blepharitis disease caused by adhesion of the palpebral margin.

外眼角开大整形手术是使睑裂达到永久性扩大，用以矫治睑裂小于正常者，如小睑裂综合征或因外伤和眼部疾患、睑缘炎症所致的睑缘粘连。

Treatment options for symptomatic lymphoceles include percutaneous drainage, percutaneous aspiration combined with the installation of a sclerosing agent (bleomycin, doxycycline, povidone iodine, alcohol, or talc),13,15,17 or surgical drainage via open or laparoscopic surgery.1214 Open surgical internal marsupialization of a lymphocele has long been the historical gold standard therapy.

有症状的淋巴管瘤处理选择包括经皮引流、经皮抽吸合并注入硬化剂（博来霉素、多西环素、聚维酮碘、酒精或滑石粉）或通过通过开放或腹腔镜手术术中引流。长期以来，开放性内部袋形缝术一直是治疗淋巴管瘤的金标准。

If by means of a prereduction MRI or after neurologic deterioration during closed reduction, the surgeon becomes aware of a fragment of disc material displaced into the spinal canal, then an anterior discectomy, open reduction, fusion, and plating becomes necessary.2,7,9 In approximately half of the cases, a closed reduction will be successful in reducing the dislocation before surgery.50 In the majority of the others, an intraoperative reduction performed after the discectomy and decompression will achieve anatomic reduction.9,51 For those patients in whom an anterior discectomy and decompression have not been successful in reducing the dislocation, then a supplemental posterior open reduction should be performed.52

假如借助MRI检查，或在闭合复位过程中神经症状进一步加重，外科医生意识到有椎间盘碎片突入了椎管，此时就需要前路椎间盘切除减压、开放复位和固定融合。大约有一半的病例手术以前能够通过闭合复位来成功的将脱位复原，剩下的病例则需要在术中将椎间盘切除减压来达到解剖复位。假如有病人经过前方的椎间盘切除和减压后仍然不能成功的还原脱位，则需要再行后方的开放复位术。

Christopher Skelly, MD, assistant professor of vascular surgery at the University of Chicago Medical Center, and the study's lead author says, One of the drawbacks of balloon angioplasty to open blocked arteries and the use of stents to keep them open is that arteries sometimes experience aggravation from the procedure.

Chicago大学医学中心血管外科助理教授Christopher Skelly是此项研究的主要负责人，他说：利用气囊或是支架进行的血管成型术一般用于打开封闭的血管，但是它们可能会带来副作用，使病情加重。

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cyst unroofing versus open surgery in respect of therapeutic effects and open renal cyst unroofing

结论与传统开放手术途径比较，经后腹腔腹腔镜技术治疗肾囊肿安全有效、创伤小、出血少、术后恢复快且疗效可靠，应成为单纯肾囊肿治疗的首选方法。

Compared to open surgery, patients in the study who underwent laparoscopic surgery experienced 80 percent reduction in the odds of respiratory tract infection, 69 percent reduction in bloodstream infection, 59 percent reduction in wound infection, 39 percent reduction in urinary tract infection and a 48 percent reduction in other types of nosocomial infections across hysterectomies, cholecystectomies and appendectomies.

同开放性手术相比，研究中行腹腔镜外科手术子宫切除术、胆囊切除术及阑尾切除术的病人呼吸道感染可能性降低80%，血流感染降低69%，伤口感染降低59%，泌尿道感染降低39%，其他院内感染降低48

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。