查询词典 one-step method

ZrO2 films can be obtained through many methods such as physical vaporous deposition, chemical vaporous deposition, electrochemistry and Sol-Gel method. Sol-gel method has become one of the most popular and important techniques.

不锈钢具有良好的耐蚀性，本论文选择不锈钢为基体制备氧化锆薄膜，将金属材料较好的力学性能和陶瓷薄膜较好的化学稳定性有机结合在一起。

Much work has been done on multi-objective optimization methods to make them turn from deterministic searching algorithm to stochastic searching one, and from single objective optimizing method in nature to veritably vector optimization method. At present there are still many unsolved problems on it.

摘 要 多目标优化方法经历了一个从确定性搜索算法到随机搜索算法的过程，本质上仍是单目标优化的目标组合方法到真正意义上的向量优化方法的过程，至今仍在不断地发展中，但仍有大量未解决的问题。

And by using the initial conditions as well as the end conditions, the dynamic problem is then transferred to a second kind Volterra integral equation about the function of the axial strain with respect to time which can also be solved successfully by the interpolation method. For piezoelectric and pyroelectric hollow cylinders, by following the solving procedure for elastic hollow cylinder and by using the electric boundary conditions, the dynamic problems are transferred to two Volterra integral equations about two functions of time, one is axial strain and the other is related to electric displacement, which can also be solved efficiently and quickly by employing interpolation method. The elastodynamic solutions of hollow spheres, which are made of elastic, piezoelectric and pyroelectric materials, respectively, for spherically symmetric problems are also obtained.

对于弹性空心圆柱，通过引入一特定函数将非齐次边界条件化为齐次边界条件，然后利用正交展开技术，导出关于时间函数的方程，再结合初始条件和端部边界条件，将原问题转化为关于一个时间函数的第二类Volterra积分方程，运用插值法可给出此积分方程的解；对于压电和热释电空心圆柱，利用求解弹性空心圆柱相似的方法，再结合电学边界条件，原问题转化为关于两个时间函数（轴向应变和与电位移有关的函数）的第二类Volterra积分方程组，同样可用插值法来构造相应的递推公式高效地求解此积分方程组。

With finite differential method, the discretization equations are derived by chosing control volume integral method to solve the unsteady one-dimensional heat conduction question with variable physical properties, and the temperature distributinn in ladle lining in preheat is computed.

应用有限差分法，选用控制容积积分法推导出离散化方程组，对一维不稳定态变物性热传导问题进行求解，计算出钢包在预热过程中包衬的温度分布。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的"瓶子模型"，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了"缝洞单元"的概念，并制定了"缝洞单元"纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对"缝洞单元"进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

An oil painting word comes from English OilPainting, Says from the strict significance refers to the oil painting specially, and it not only is one method, by this method plan work.

油画一词来自于英文 Oil Painting ，从严格意义上讲不是专指油画，它既是一种方法，还是以这种方法绘制的作品。

Chemiluminescent immunoassay is one of the advanced immunoassay ofnon-radioisotopic immunoassay because of its high sensitivity, wide dynamic range,high accuracy, stable labeled protein, full automation and extensive application field.CLIA using acridinium ester derivatives as chemiluminescent label has advantages oflow background, high signal-to-noise ratio, no need of catalyst and simpleluminescence system. Different aspects associating the DMAE·NHS-based CLIA were studied in thisthesis, including synthesis of acridinium ester, chemiluminescentcharacteristics of DMAE·NHS, labelling antibody or streptavidin with DMAE·NHS,two-site sandwich chemiluminescent immunoassay for TSH, two-sitesandwich chemiluminescent immunoassay involved biotin-streptavidinsystem for TSH, and competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay usingbiotin-streptavidin system for TT〓. The desired acridinium ester, DMAE·NHS, was synthesized according to thereference method with some modifications. The products were identified by IR, NMR,MS and elemental analysis. In our method, KOH was used in place of NaOH tosynthesize benzyl ester of 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid,2',6'-dimethyl-4'-(n-succinimidyloxycarbonyl) phenyl-acridinium-9-carboxylate waspurified on a silica gel column with chloroform/ethylacetate(4:1, v/v) as eluent andfurther purified by triturating with hexane/acetone(2:1, v/v).

DMAE·NHS的合成是本论文的关键和难点，我们对文献方法进行改进：文献方法用氢氧化钠与3，5-二甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸反应制得3，5-二甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸钠，再用3，5-二甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸钠与苄氯作用制备3，5-二甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸苄酯，我们用氢氧化钾代替氢氧化钠，使合成取得成功；在合成2'，6'-二甲基-4'-苯基-吖啶-9-甲酸酯时，文献方法对粗产品进行两次硅胶柱层析纯化，第一次柱层析用氯仿／乙酸乙酯(4∶1，V∶V)作溶剂和淋洗剂，第二次柱层析用己烷／丙酮(2∶1，V∶V)作溶剂和淋洗剂，按照文献方法得到的不是所需要的化合物，我们只进行第一次柱层析纯化，然后用己烷／丙酮(2∶1，V∶V)进行研磨，过滤，洗涤，除去溶于己烷／丙酮(2∶1，V∶V)的部分，得到所需要的产品。

Development student reading elementary text speech text of the ability be one of the target of language teaching in the high school and re- examine to cantillate to read in the text the speech the culture and education learn of function, cantillate to read is study text speech text of importance method, cantillate of classroom read preparation work to include introduction author and background, divide the line structure layer etc., but want to see demand but settle, don't make fix constant program, slice can't because it be the teaching method of old type home school simple negation it, many language master so have deep culture, language achievement bottom, might it not be read because of cantillate but receive benefit bandit shallow.

培养学生阅读浅易文言文的能力，是中学语文教学的目标之一，重新审视诵读在文言文教学中的作用，诵读是学习文言文的重要方法，课堂的诵读准备工作包括介绍作者和背景，划分结构层次等，但要视需要而定，不要搞成固定不变的程式，切不可因为它是旧式私塾的教法就简单否定它，许多语言大师所以具有深厚的文化、语言功底，莫不因诵读而得益匪浅。

Weirder is,"Good friend buying and selling " in package, the method that connects do sth over and over again is very much the same, for instance " go black coalpit digs coal "," hunger does not eat one day to the meal "," be duped in the ave Ma Qi "; Pacify method criterion or see a movie, in all rod of sup, Mai Bing --, the group of 1000 oak, move the time that uses toe to want to choose other way to be done not have repeatedly?

比较诡异的是，&好友买卖&组件里，连折腾的手段都是大同小异，比如&去黑煤窑挖煤&、&饿一天不给饭吃&、&在大街上当马骑&；安抚手段则还是看电影、共进晚餐、买冰棍———千橡的团队，连动动脚趾想点其他法子的时间都没有？

Simulation results are included to show that the optimal policy given by this method can well approach to the accurate one given by value iterative method on the case of having complete information, and the constringent rate of policy is quickly than others.

仿真表明，该算法所求解的控制策略与用值迭代法在模型已知的情况下，所求得的最优策略非常逼近，且该算法使得策略的收敛速度大大地加快了。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。