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The spore germination and gametophyte development of 21 ferns are studied. It indicates that :① the development period of prothallium and young sporophyte of the same species is different due to seeding time of spores;② the optimal temperatures of spores germination and gametophyte development of 21 ferns are about 15 -24 ℃;③ the rate of spore germination of rare ferns is much lower than the ferns which occur large populations in nature;④ the treatment with GA 3 can accelerate the germination of the spores;⑤ the prothallium changes from large to small, green to yellow when young sporophyte comes out. The prothalliums of all 21 ferns die away after the appear of the 3rd leaf of sporophytes;⑥ shapes of the 1st and 2nd leaves of the young sporophyte are different from those emerged later;⑦ spores cultured in dark can not germinate;⑧ a prothallium can develop only one young sporophyte though it has many archegoniums, and the spore propagation with leaf mould substrate is an economical method.

摘 要：以腐叶土为培养基质，对 21 种蕨类植物进行了孢子萌发和原叶体发育的研究，结果表明：①不同时期播种的同种蕨类的孢子，发育出原叶体和幼孢子体所历经的时间长短不同；②孢子萌发和配子体生长发育的适宜温度约为 15 ～ 24 ℃；③稀有蕨类的孢子萌发率低，而在野外能形成较大种群的蕨类的孢子萌发率高；④用 GA 3 处理孢子可以促进萌发；⑤当原叶体上长出幼孢子体时，原叶体由大变小，由绿变黄， 21 种蕨类的原叶体都在幼孢子体上长出第 3 片叶时消失；⑥幼孢子体上长出的第 1 、 2 片叶在形态上与以后长出的叶不同；⑦孢子萌发需要光；⑧ 1 片原叶体尽管有多个颈卵器，但仅发育出 1 株幼孢子体；⑨利用腐叶土进行蕨类孢子繁殖是一种经济实用的繁殖方法。

For one thing,his body is made of the elemental life substance called protoplasm,found in all living things,though differing somewhat in composition in different species.

例如，他的躯体也是由其他不同生物种类都具有的原生质——一种基本的生命物质所构成。

Results Same conservative sites and key catalytic sites existed among SjLDH and LDHs from other species. Similarity of SjLDH compared to CsLDH, TvLDH and HsLDH was 75%, 17%, 58%-60% respectively. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the evolution relation between SjLDH and DmLDH was closer than the relation between SjLDH and CeLDH, the relationship between SjLDH and HsLDH-B,-C was closer than HsLDH-A. Three trans-membrane regions were found, the region of 98aa-106aa in three hydrophilia regions located outside of membrane was inferred as the major antigen epitope. This antigen epitope had significant difference with LDHs from protozoon （ Pf ., Tg ., Tv .） and had 1-3 amino acid residue difference with MmLDH, HsLDH-A,-B,-C, and was the same with CsLDH. One of the key catalytic residues and substrate binding loop were located in this region. Tertiary structure demonstrated that 98aa-106aa was on the surface of the protein and formed a substrate binding loop, other two key catalytic sites were at the position near the loop.

结果 SjLDH与其他物种的同源序列含相同的保守位点及催化活性位点，与华支睾吸虫LDH同源性最高为75％，与阴道毛滴虫LDH同源性最低为17%，与人LDH（HsLDH-A，-B，-C）的同源性为58%~60％； SjLDH与果蝇的进化距离较秀丽隐杆线虫为近，3种人LDH中与HsLDH-B、-C的进化距离较HsLDH-A为近；该蛋白具有3个跨膜区域，3个高亲水性区域，主要的线性表位98aa~106aa位于膜外，与原虫LDH相同区域差异显著，而与其他LDH有1~3个氨基酸的差异，关键催化位点之一及底物丙酮酸结合区域位于该区域，蛋白质同源模建分析表明该区域位于蛋白表面形成环状结构，3个关键催化位点位于该区域或在其附近。

One of us notes that several taxa included here in synonymy under species of Monotropa and Monotropastrum are ambiguous minor variants in numbers of flowers per raceme and degree of pubescence.

我们中的一个注明Monotropa和 Monotropastrum 的种下数个分类群为异名，具较含糊的较小的变异在每总状花序的花的数目和被短柔毛程度上。

Atlantic Puffin was one of the species badly hit by the Erika oil disaster, which killed about 72,000 birds.

大西洋海鹦是受到Erika石油灾害严重影响的种类之一，有大约72，000只死亡。

Larix kaempferi is one of the most important coniferous species for pulpwood in China.

日本落叶松是我国主要针叶纸浆用材树种。

Skipjack tuna is one of the main target species of tuna purse seine fishery. The study of its biological characteristics will help the better understanding of its stock structure, and have significance to the reasonable utilization of the resource.

鲣鱼是金枪鱼围网的主要目标鱼种，研究其生物学特性有助于了解其群体结构，对于合理利用该资源具有重要意义。

The Pyrenean Ibex has one of the more interesting stories among extinct animals, since it was the first species to ever be brought back into existence via cloning, only to go extinct again just seven minutes after being born due to lung failure.

比利牛斯野山羊在动物灭绝的故事中，相当有意思，因为它是第一个因克隆而重新现世的物种，而在科隆成活后几分钟又因肺部缺陷再次走向了灭绝。

Yingying's a species unique to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, one of the first animals put under protection in China.

迎迎是青藏高原特有的保护运动藏羚羊，是中国最早的保护动物之一，是绿色奥运的展现。

Here, one of his best-known installations, an outside wall of Paris's Quai Branly Museum consisting of some 15,000 plants of 150 species from Central Europe, China, Japan, and the United States.

这也是他最著名的作品之一。作为巴黎码头布朗利博物馆的外墙，这里的1500棵植物是由来自中欧，中国，日本和美国等国家的150种不同的植物组成的。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。