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Particular configurations on bedding planes and on the surface perpendicular to the bedding planes lead to different explanations for the genesis of these silty dykes:(1) they are considered as the oldest trace fossils of metazoan according to the spindle-crack of siltstones on the bedding plane and the sand-filling tube configurations on the surface perpendicular to the bedding plane;(2) they are considered as the liquefied sand-veins induced by earthquake according to the sinuous configuration of siltstone dykes on the surface perpendicular to the bedding plane and the obvious liquation feature.

由于该粉砂岩岩墙在层面上和层内具有特别的形态，因而对其成因具有多种解释：在层面上呈纺锤状粉砂岩裂缝以及在层内呈砂质充填管形态，从而被认为是最古老的后生动物遗迹化石；在层内呈弯弯曲曲的粉砂岩岩墙以及明显的流体化作用特点，所以又被解释为地震振荡作用形成的液化砂岩脉。

Driving force of wheel on soft lunar soil is much different with wheel on the ground of the earth.Wheel sinks and slides easily on lunar soil.The driving force formula of wheel based on Bekker formula is much complex,for forecasting driving force,curve fitting based on least squares method was introduced to simplify formula driving force.The driving force can be calculated through measuring wheel sinkage and slide.

基于Bekker轮-地力学理论的车轮驱动力计算公式复杂，不适合直接计算，为实现车轮驱动力预测，为车轮驱动力优化提供计算基础，本文采用基于最小二乘法的数据拟合方法对车轮驱动力进行数值拟合计算，为实时的车轮驱动力预测提供可行的方法，从而实现对车轮驱动力的优化。

This chapter briefly introduces theory on the efficiency of state-owned companies, theory based on Berle and Means hypothesis, theory based on LLSV hypothesis and theory on pyramidal structure, with the aim of providing theoretical background for study on China's listed companies.

第二章是理论研究回顾，介绍国内外相关的理论研究成果，包括国有企业效率的理论研究、Bede和Means范式的理论研究、LLSV范式的理论研究、金字塔控股结构的理论研究四个方面，从而较系统地了解国内外相关理论成果。

At present,the research on the reanimation of bonus stock is gradually maturing and the research on the reanimation of stock option is now noticed by the scholars in the civil,which is focused on the core of the supervisors,not on the technologists specially,there is also little research on technical stock option oversea.

目前，股权激励的研究日趋成熟，期权激励研究受到国内学者的极大关注，但这些激励主要集中在企业的核心经营层，尚未专门激励企业的核心技术层，国外对技术期权激励的研究也极少涉及，然而技术人员作为特殊的人力资本，在科技企业中起的作用是其他物质资本所无法取代的。

Also it synthesize the natural law on vegetation distribution and the present situation on urban forestry construction to define the main proportion on urban species actually:the proportion between aiphyllus tree and deciduous tree is 3:7; the proportion between arbor and shrub is 2:1; the proportion between coniferous tree and broadleaf tree is 1:4; the proportion between fast-growing trees and slow-growing trees is 1:1.The following tree species programmed in urban forestry construction of Qingdao on the above-mentioned demanding on trees planning in this thesis

本文以上述提到的树种布局规划要求，分别规划出了青岛市城市森林建设中的行道树种、公园绿化树种、游园、街头绿化树种、山地风景林树种、居住区绿化树种、机关、学校、医院等处的绿化树种、工矿区绿化树种、海岸抗海雾、海风树种、耐盐碱树种、垂直绿化树种、地被植物，并对城市森林的近自然化配置，以及在天然森林已不存在的地方，运用技术模拟原来的天然森林进行恢复和重建进行了初步阐述。

The system , according to the approach and method of the software engineering on geography information system ,is under scientific system analysis and design combining with Duoluokou Market Information System's self-characteristic and is based on Ajax. Ruby on Rails framework will be applied to manage the date information. Such framework provide several ways to record data information and organize them in an efficient way and to do management, update, maintenance on them; Date information are visible that means the framework provide some operating function on map such as maximum, minimum and brose, user can use the button above the map to imply those function; Information query and brose, a corresponding entity will be offered according to the input terms and its location in the map.

系统按照地理信息系统软件工程的思路与方法，结合舵落口大市场信息化建设的自身特点，对其进行科学的系统分析与设计，并以Ajax技术为基础，利用Rails框架实现了数据信息管理，即运用多种方式录入数据信息，以有效的数据组织形式进行数据库管理、更新、维护；实现了信息查询与浏览，即提供根据输入的条件查询其对应的实体的相关属性；实现了数据信息可视化，即提供了放大、缩小、漫游等基本地图操作功能，用户可以利用地图上方按钮来方便的使用这些功能以及在地图中定位与显示所查询的目标物。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component. For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper. For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space state informatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision. Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为（n-1）维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料（单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待）、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component.For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material .distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper.For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space stateinformatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision.Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为(n-1)维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料(单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待)、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

As the track space increasing, the holding power which flexible holding parts act on sugarcane is dropping off. As the canvas layers and length of flexible holding part increasing, the track space is also increased when flexible holding parts act on sugarcane same holding power. As the length of flexible holding part increasing, the rate of slope of holding power following the track space to change would be decreased, so holding power would vary slowly. The holding power has a better linear relationship with the track space. Holding sugarcane stalk on knot or not on knot, sugarcane stalk having leaves or without leaves, the holding power would have not significant difference. Considering the structure of device and stress of sugarcane, 4-layers canvas conveyer belt was used as flexible holding part, while its length is 120mm, 160mm, or 200mm, the corresponding maximum track space is 135mm, 183mm, or 235mm. Experimental investigation of sugarcane windrowing was done on the arc-track-type flexible holding and conveying test mechanism.

随着轨道间距的增大，柔性夹持元件施加给甘蔗的夹持力逐渐减少；施加给甘蔗相同的夹持力，随着柔性夹持元件帆布帘层数和长度的增加，对应的轨道间距增加；随着柔性夹持元件长度的增大，柔性夹持元件施加给甘蔗的夹持力随轨道间距变化的斜率减小，夹持力大小的变化越缓慢；柔性夹持元件提供的夹持力与轨道间距均呈线性关系；柔性夹持元件夹在甘蔗节上还是不夹在节上，甘蔗有叶还是无叶，其施加给甘蔗的夹持力无显著差异；从夹持输送装置结构以及甘蔗的受力情况来考虑，选择4层帆布帘输送带作为柔性夹持元件更能平稳、柔和地夹持输送甘蔗，4层帆布帘120mm、160mm、200mm长的柔性夹持元件夹持甘蔗所需最大轨道间距为135mm 、183mm、235mm。

Through capital gains tax and income tax differences between analysis and on readjustlnents in respect of the levy of a capital gains tax status and on the stock market, with emphasis on the sensitivity of meaning from the actual demonstration of levying capital profits tax on the feasibility of upcoming trends, while the levy of a capital gains tax on the limitations of China's securities, taxation should be elaborated in accordance with the tax burden of the principle of fairness for reform is to establish harmonious socialist society.

通过对资本利得税与所得税之间的差异分析和对目前我国就开征资本利得税现状及其对证券交易市场敏感性的探讨，着重从实际意义方面论证我国开征资本利得税的可行性趋势，同时提出近期开征资本利得税的局限，阐述我国证券税制应按照税负公平原则进行改革，是建立社会主义和谐社会的必然要求。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。