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In the paper, on the basis of aggregation of previous studies, the development of optical technology and development trends at home and abroad are introduced, the principle of Fresnel lens is summarized. In accordance with its principle, circle equidistant steps Fresnel lens design is described. And on this basis, based on Fresnel design, also based on a continuous upward spiral of the plane curve concept, incidence surface and the backlight is set up to greet Archimedes - Fresnel lens design formula and the Second parabolic type Fresnel lens design formula, and on this basis, the advantages and disadvantages of the three designs is discussed.

本文在充分了解非球面光学技术在国内外的发展状况和趋势的基础上，同时从菲涅尔透镜的光学原理出发，并根据它的工作原理推导了圆环等距菲涅尔透镜的设计步骤，并在此基础上依据菲涅尔的设计思想，同时依据平面曲线的连续又呈螺旋的构思，推导出了迎光面和背光面阿基米德型菲涅尔透镜的设计公式和二次抛物面型菲涅尔透镜的设计公式，并在此基础上讨论了这三种设计各自的优缺点。

He drinks coffee, smokes, looks out the window and looks back on his life: on the decades he spent working as the assistant to a famous theatre director; on his grandparents, German Jews, who only managed to get out of the country at the last moment; on his mother, Matild, who refused to talk about their escape to her dying day; and on friends like sculptor Ingo Licht, who was known for his exquisitely delicate objects, or Piotr, the Paris-based lawyer who made a dramatic turnaround from staunch Trotzkyist to out-andout reactionary.

伴随着咖啡与香烟，他时常遥望着窗外，并不断追忆自己逝去的往昔：他想起了过去，作为一名助理，自己与著名的剧场总监并肩奋斗的岁月；他想起了祖父母，作为生活在德国的犹太人，虎口脱险的他们在最后一刻才成功逃离了这个国家；他想起了自己的母亲Matild，直到咽下最后一口气，对于逃亡的岁月她也始终是只字不提；他又想起了许多的故人：比如雕刻家Ingo Licht，以他巧夺天工的技艺而著称于世，还有律师Piotr，起初坚定信奉着托落茨基主义，但最终却沦为了一名彻头彻尾的反革命分子… AW

Depending on this, we concluded the difference of Zeitgeist between mid ages and pre-modern literature on merchant spirit: either the dominant idea of the mid ages poetry is "powerful commerce leads to underdeveloped farming", or the idea that focuses on "mutual benefits" based on court and local policy; but the beginning of pre-modern literature----- the agreement between scholar-bureaucrats and merchants comes from lightheartedness, joy, sentimental expression and lyrical description expressed by middle period of Ming merchant poetry that deeply reflected the citizenly cultural spirits. Contrast to the poetry on merchant of middle literature, this is the ultimate transformation, showed the mostly characteristic of pre-modern literature priorly .

以此为界说，可以归纳出中世、近世涉及商贾诗歌的不同的时代精神：中世时期的诗歌或以"贾雄则农伤"为其主导思想，或主要着眼于朝廷与地方政策的层面张扬"农商兼利"的思想；而近世文学的起点———明中叶涉及商贾的诗歌往往在自由自在、安享快乐及张扬情欲、舒展性灵等方面有士商心灵的契合，在深层次上反映了市民文化精神，相对于中世涉及商贾的诗歌有根本性的转变，较早地显示出近世文学的主要特征。

This thesis is based on the developing project of "Testing and research on the related technology of the aerodynamic effect in the high speed railway tunnel", which is from the national railway department and also based on the project of "The research on the micro-pressure wave and tunnel hood around the gate of the tunnel in YuHuai railway with the speed of 200km/h",which is from the second surveyed and design institute of China Railways. Research on the lucubration of tunnel aerodynamic effects mechanism and corresponding alleviation measure was carried out.

本文以铁道部科技研究开发计划项目《高速铁路隧道空气动力学相关技术的研究与试验测试》和铁道部第二勘测设计院《遂渝铁路时速200公里隧道洞口微压波及缓冲设施研究》为依托，结合我国国情，对隧道空气动力学效应的作用机制和其减缓措施进行研究。

Never Say Goodbye Bon Jovi Crossroad As I sit in this smokey room The night about to end I pass my time with strangers But this bottle's my only friend Remember when we used to park On Butler Street out in the dark Remember when we lost the keys And you lost more than that in my backseat baby Remember how we used to talk About busting out - we'd break their hearts Together - forever Never say goodbye, never say goodbye You and me and my old friends Hoping it would never end Never say goodbye, never say goodbye Holdin' on - we got to try Holdin' on to never say goodbye Remember days of skipping school Racing cars and being cool With a six pack and the radio We didn't need no place to go Remember at the prom that night You and me we had a fight But the band they played our favorite song And I held you in my arms so strong We danced so close We danced so slow And I swore I'd never let you go Together - forever Never say goodbye, never say goodbye You and me and my old friends Hoping it would never end Never say goodbye, never say goodbye Holdin' on - we got to try Holdin' on to never say goodbye I guess you'd say we used to talk About busting out We'd break their hearts Together - forever THE END by lune

不要说再见邦乔维十字路口正如我坐在这个熊室夜晚即将结束传递我的时间与陌生人但是，这瓶是我唯一的朋友请记住，当我们用公园对巴特勒街在黑暗请记住，当我们失去了钥匙和你失去了，在我的后座婴儿还记得我们用来谈论关于破坏了-我们要打破他们的心在一起-永远从来没有说再见，从来没有说再见你和我和我的老朋友希望它会永远不会结束从来没有说再见，从来没有说再见握住'的-我们得尝试握住就永远不会说再见记住天逃学赛车酷六包和电台我们不需要没有地方可去记得那天晚上的舞会你和我，我们进行了斗争但是，带他们打我们最喜爱的歌曲举行你和我在我的武器如此强大我们跳舞如此接近我们跳舞如此缓慢，我发誓我从未让你去在一起-永远从来没有说再见，从来没有说再见你和我和我的老朋友希望它会永远不会结束从来没有说再见，从来没有说再见握住的-我们得尝试握住就永远不会说再见我猜你会说我们用来谈论关于破坏了我们想打破他们的心在一起-永远再见 LUNE

In view of the study of the malapropism on the carved stone on Six Dynasties being weak , the paper chooses this topic and more comprehensive researches on the malapropism on the period of time with the base on varies of rubbings .

在研究尚处於极为薄弱的情况下，本文以此为选题，在充分利用各类拓本资料的基础上，对这一时期的碑别字进行了较全面的考察，梳理，研究。

Based on the essence of socialist moral integrity, guided by Marxisim, Leninism, Maozedong thought, Dengxiaoping theory,"Three represents" and two "resolutions" by CCPCC on the construction of socialist moral integrity, and at the same time , on the basis of the fact that internet is an important position for the construction of socialist moral integrity and for the development of Chinese advanced culture, this paper discusses both the positive and negative impacts of the development of internet on the construction of socialist moral integrity from the viewpoint of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and it also talks about new mechanisms, measures, methods for the construction of internet moral integrity on the principle of scientific and humane spirit.

论文从社会主义精神文明建设内涵出发，以马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和"三个代表"的重要思想以及中共中央关于精神文明建设的两个《决议》为指导，从理论和实践、宏观和微观、历史和逻辑的视角，立足于网络是社会主义精神文明建设和中国先进文化发展的重要阵地，运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的观点分析了网络发展对社会主义精神文明建设正负影响，坚持科学精神和人文精神的协调原则，探讨了网络精神文明建设的新机制、新途径、新方法、新措施。

Based on investigating the short and intermittent structural plane, surrounding rockmass of the huge underground powerhouse in Three Gorge has been divided into five statistical similar areas according to its characteristic of rockmass structure by applying structure plane network simulation. Distributed characteristic of structural plane has been studied and based on it mechanics macrocharacteristic has been studied:(1) It is the first time that based on the result of structural plane network simulation rockmass quality of every structure area has been studied with applying blurred information optimum seeking technique and be compared with and RQD method. The result indicated that it has better effect to evaluate rock quality with blurred information optimum seeking technique.(2) It is the first time that the interrelated relationship of the result of in-suit rockmass deformation test and fractal characteristic of structure on test point has been applied to determine rockmass deformation parameter. The question of evaluating deformation parameters of engineering rockmass has been solved.(3) Anisotropy strength parameters have been determined by applying shear zones simulating method. The result indicated that there are different strength parameters in every structural area, after comparing the result of Fast Lagranian Analysis in continua number simulation method with that of method of weighted mean according to continuity. The result indicated that when a suitable reduction coefficient is been considered rockmass strength parameters can be simply and fast determined with method of weighted mean according to continuity where there is not enough test result.(4) Damage characteristic has been studied based on analysis fractal characteristic of structural plane network by applying fractal-damage coupling method. It is the first time that the concept of damage degree has been set up to evaluate rockmass quality according to the biggest principal damage.

通过对短小、断续性结构面统计特征的研究，将地下厂房区划分为五个岩体结构统计均质区，应用结构面网络模拟技术研究了各个岩体结构均质区结构面的发育分布特征，并以此为基础对岩体宏观力学特性进行了深入研究：(1)首次通过在结构面网络模拟计算结果的基础上，应用模糊信息优化技术研究了厂房区各个岩体结构分区的岩体质量并与岩体基本质量指标研究法、岩体质量指标RQD值研究法作了对比，结果表明以结构面网络模拟结果为基础，应用模糊信息优化技术进行岩体质量评价能够取得很好的效果，解决了工程岩体质量的定量评价问题；(2)首次通过对已有的现场大型岩体变形试验结果的分析及相应试验点岩体结构分形特征的研究，建立了结构面分布的分形维数和岩体变形指标间的相关关系，并首次应用这种相关关系根据结构面网络模拟及分形维数计算结果确定了缺少试验结果的地下厂房各工程部位的岩体变形指标而且应用于围岩稳定性计算，解决了工程岩体宏观变形参数的评价问题；(3)应用在结构面模拟网络图上模拟岩体剪切破坏带的方法，得出了岩体在不同方向上的强度参数，结果表明岩体的强度特性与结构面的发育方向和程度有着明显的关系，各个岩体结构均质区具有不同的强度参数；同时还通过应用拉格朗日差分法对岩体强度指标的数值分析并与按连通率加权平均计算法对比表明，按连通率加权平均计算法在考虑合理的折减系数情况下，可以简单快速地对缺少现场大型试验结果的具体工程部位实现岩体强度指标的估计，通过以上研究解决了工程岩体抗剪强度参数的评价问题；(4)通过结构面网络分形维数的研究，应用分形损伤耦合分析方法，研究了厂房区岩体的损伤特征，并首次引入"损伤度"的概念，建立了应用最大主损伤评价岩体质量的指标体系。

In this paper, the theory, algorithm, and experiment of automatic object detection and tracking are studied in depth. It is firstly pointed out that the essential of Mean Shift method is a special Newton-Gaussian method. A new method named Fast Mean Shift is established to stretch the conservative step of Mean Shift method. The convergence and validity of this new method are proved in theory. And it is also proved that the convergence speed of Fast Mean Shift is faster than that of Mean Shift. The contrast experiments of searching the maximum possibility density of random of data sets in plane and 3D space are done. The results show that this new method can reduce the iterations greatly. A new object tracking method based on Fast Mean Shift is built to improve the object tracking performance, which is shown in the face tracking experiment with the tennis sequence provided by the Ohio State University, and the car tracking experiment with the car sequence provided by Kalsruhe University. The face trcking experiment with highly noised images show that the object tracking method based on Fast Mean Shift has strong anti-jamming ability. A new fast color object detection technology based on characteristic color is established, which use characteristic color distribution to compute the characteristic color vector of any area in an image quickly. With the high performance search method, the fast object detection is achieved. At last, using object tracker based on Fast Mean Shift and color object detector based on characteristic color with the Kalman filter, PID controller, searial communication and other technologies, automatic object detection and tracking system with control system is built. The availability and anti-jamming ability of this system are verified by some object detection and tracking tests in different scenes.

本文对目标自动识别与跟踪进行了理论、计算、试验三方面的深入研究，主要包括：首次指出了目标跟踪技术中常用的均值迁移方法的本质为一种特殊的高斯-牛顿方法，改进了均值迁移方法步长取值保守的弱点，建立了快速均值迁移方法，证明了该方法的收敛性、有效性以及收敛速度优于均值迁移方法；进行了平面和3维随机分布数据集的最大概率密度搜索对比试验，试验结果表明，快速均值迁移方法大大减少了迭代次数；建立了基于快速均值迁移的目标跟踪方法，利用俄亥俄州立大学提供的乒乓球序列图像和卡斯鲁厄大学的汽车序列图像，对人脸和汽车目标跟踪性能分别进行了对比试验，并进行了高噪声人脸图像目标跟踪试验，结果表明，基于快速均值迁移的目标跟踪方法有效提高了目标跟踪性能，具有很强的抗干扰能力；建立了一种新型彩色目标自动识别方法，采用特征色彩分布函数实现了对任意图像区域特征色彩矢量的快速计算，建立了高效的搜索方法，实现了彩色目标的快速识别；将基于快速均值迁移方法的目标跟踪方法、基于特征色彩的目标识别方法与卡尔曼滤波、PID控制、串行通讯等技术结合，建立了带有控制系统的快速目标自动识别与跟踪系统，并在不同场景下进行了目标自动识别与跟踪试验，验证了快速目标自动识别与跟踪系统的有效性和抗干扰能力。

First, based on the research of vocality art and vocalization, I discuss how to set up reasonable aesthetics concept on tenor"s voice, then expatiate on the characteristics,of the tenor"s voice in bel canto and the theoretic significance of setting up reasonable sound aesthetics concept. This essay is mainly on the way and key point of constructing tenor" s voice, especially solving the core problem of alt skill. The essay argues that the construction of tenor" s voice is based on the mediant and undertone sections; finding the phonate source, practice step by step, surrounding the point , string and side of the voice; train the students using suitable vowels according to the students with different characteristics ; emphasizing that ten essential words are the golden key to solution of the core problem in the "closing " method.

首先从研究声乐艺术和发声方法的指导思想和出发点着手，探讨了如何建立科学的男高音声音审美观；进而阐述了美声唱法中男高音的声音特点及建立科学审美观的理论指导意义；本文着重提出了构建男高音声音的方法与要领(特别是解决高音技术这一核心问题)，本文认为男高音声音构建先以中、低声区为基础，从找发声点开始，围绕声音的点、线、面逐一训练，同时根据不同特点的学生选择合适的母音进行训练，强调了"关闭"唱法中十字要领是解决核心难点的金钥匙。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。