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Article 37 In case of labourers working on the basis of piecework, the employing unit shall rationally fix quotas of work and standards on piecework remuneration in accordance with the working hour system stipulated in Article 36 of this Law.

第三十七条对实行计件工作的劳动者，用人单位应当根据本法第三十六条规定的工时制度合理确定其劳动定额和计件报酬标准。

In case of laborers working on the basis of piecework, the employing unit shall rationally fix quotas of work and standards on piecework remuneration in accordance with the working hour system stipulated in section 36 of this Law.

第三十七条对实行计件工作的劳动者，用人单位应当根据本法第三十六条规定的工时制度合理确定其劳动定额和计件报酬标准。

Article 37 In case of laborers working on the basis of piecework, the employing unit shall rationally fix quotas of work and standards on piecework remuneration in accordance with the working hour system stipulated in Article 36 of this Law.

第三十七条对实行计件工作的劳动者，用人单位应当根据本法第三十六条规定的工时制度合理确定其劳动定额和计件报酬标准。

Article 37 In case of laborers working on the basis of piecework, the employing unit shall rationally fix quotas of work and standards on piecework remuneration in accordance with the working hour system stipulated inArticle 36 of this Law.

第三十七条对实行计件工作的劳动者，用人单位应当根据本法第三十六条规定的工时制度合理确定其劳动定额和计件报酬标准。

In this topic, the dynamic analysis methods for piezoelectric vibrator are studied systematically based on the theoretical model, FEM numerical experimentation and FEM governing equation for given compound-mode vibrator, and some valuable conclusions are obtained. The main work accomplished is summarized as follows: 1.Elaborate the main modeling methods for piezoelectric vibrator and the significance and necessity to study the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric vibrator which emphasize the urgency of this paper. 2.Take the bending deformation induced by piezoelectric ceramic as example, the energy transfer mechanism of electric energy to mechanical energy are analyzed; the motion and force transfer mechanism are analyzed for the longitudinal-bending vibrator. 3.Based on mode assumption and Hamilton principle, the coupling model of piezoelectric vibrator of linear USM is built; moreover, the equivalent circuit model is obtained and a coupling equation represents the relation between electric parameters and mechanical parameters is derived which provides foundation to match the vibrator and driving circuit. 4.Combine the constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic with elastic-dynamical equation, geometric equation in force field and the Maxwell equation in electric field and the corresponding boundary condition equation, the FEM control equation for piezoelectric vibrator of USM to solve dynamic electro-mechanical coupling field is established by employing the principle of virtual displacement. The equation lays the foundation to study the non-linear constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic driven by high-power. 5.Define the dynamic indexes of characteristic of vibrator and carry out variable parameters simulation by calculating the model parameters and the electric characteristics of vibrator are simulated according to the equivalent circuit model. By numerical experimentation, the working mode of vibration of vibrator and the shock excitation results of the working frequency band which provides the mode frequency to realize bimodal are analyzed. Detailed calculation of the electro-mechanical coupling field parameters is made by programming the FEM control equation.

本课题从理论模型、有限元数值试验、有限元控制模型等方面以复合振动模式振子为例对超声电机压电振子的动力学特性及其分析方法进行了全面系统地研究，得出了许多有价值的结论，主要概括如下： 1、阐述了目前针对超声电机压电振子的主要建模方法，对压电振子动态特性的研究意义和必要性进行了论述，突出了本文研究内容的迫切性； 2、以压电陶瓷诱发弹性体发生弯曲变形为例，分析了压电陶瓷通过诱发应变来实现机电能量转换的机理；对基于纵弯模式的压电振子的运动及动力传递机理进行了分析； 3、基于模态假定，利用分析动力学的Hamilton原理，建立了面向直线超声电机压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型，并据此建立了压电振子的等效电路模型，导出了电参量与动力学特性参量的耦合方程，为压电振子与驱动电路的匹配提供了依据； 4、从压电陶瓷的本构方程出发，综合力场的弹性动力学方程、几何方程、电场的麦克斯韦方程以及相应的边界条件方程，采用虚位移原理，建立了压电振子动态问题机电耦合场求解的有限元控制方程，为研究其大功率驱动下的非线性本构模型奠定了基础； 5、界定压电振子的动力学特性指标，对压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型参数进行计算及变参数仿真；依据等效电路模型，对压电振子的电学特性进行了仿真分析；通过有限元数值实验，对压电振子工作模态附近的模态振型及工作频率附近的频段进行了激振效果分析，找出了实现模态简并的激振频率；利用有限元控制方程，通过编程计算，对压电振子的力电耦合场参数进行了详细计算，得出了一些有价值的结论。

In addition,the ideal working parameters were provided based on the research of working parameters and the object of pruning robot.During the research,a test system based on force sensor was developed,the friction coefficients between tyre and standing tree trunk of arborvitae,ginkgo and acacia were measured by the test system.This paper provides important data for the power selecting of pruning robot.

同时，对整枝机的工作参数、对象进行研究，提出了整枝机的合理工作参数，设计了一套测试系统；采用测力传感器测定整枝机系统轮胎与树木的作用力，计算出了轮胎与树木之间的摩擦系数；测定了侧柏、银杏、刺槐等几种主要树木的摩擦系数，为整枝机的动力选择提供了重要的依据。

The article talks from the new changes in working environment of Moral Education in the and challenges of the content and method on Moral Education in Colleges under the new situation, uses the moral theory and methods - Marxsim Philosophy and materialistic dialectic. Through the study of the status quo in and abroad and learning from advanced foreign experience, analysis the reasons for the problems on China's Moral Edu...cation in Universities and then builds a new situation to enhance the effectiveness of moral education of University of counter measures concept. Finally it forms a clear set of the College Moral Education optimization system including moral education goals definitude, the contents of moral education enriching, curriculum strengthening, channels outreaching, methods of work innovativing, and working contingent strengthening.

文章从新形势下高校德育工作环境的变化和高校德育工作内容与方法面临的挑战谈起，用高校德育理论基础和工作方法--马克思主义理论和唯物辩证法作为理论支撑，通过对国内外现状的研究和国外先进经验的借鉴，分析出我国高校德育工作存在的问题及原因，进而构建了新形势下提高高校德育工作实效性的对策构想，形成了一个集明确德育目标、丰富德育内容、加强课程设置、拓展工作途径、创新工作方法、加强队伍建设于一体的高校德育工作优化体系。

Marx adapts this allusion, on the one hand, to unfold laborers' poor working conditions and inhumane working intensity, on the other hand to symbolize his criticized subject with the filthy things such as the blood and sweat in the bread.

马克思化用这个典故，一方面揭露了工人劳动的悲惨环境和非人的强度；另一方面，也以面包中包含的血汗等污秽象征了他所批判的对象。

The basic working principle of a self-excited retarder was introduced briefly and the main circuits of its drive controller were detailedly designed. Based on brake torque gear and vehicle's working condition, the formulae for calculating SCR's conductive angle were strictly derived and the real-time control on brake torque has been realized successfully by controlling SCR's conductive angle.

论文简要介绍了自励式缓速器的基本工作原理并对其驱动控制器的主要电路设计进行了阐述，详细推导了基于制动力矩档位与运行工况的可控硅导电角计算公式，通过控制可控硅导电角实现了制动力矩档位的实时控制。

Applying the theories of thermodynamics and mechanics, the working process of basicAPE--single-stage expansion, is analyzed and its related mathematicmodel is built up. The simulation methods based on this model are discussed, which is the preparation for the later research work.Chapter 3: The working characteristics of the single-stage expansion engine are researched on by the simulation.

运用热力学和力学理论对最基础的气动发动机——单级膨胀气动发动机的工作过程进行了研究分析，建立了相应的数学模型，讨论了应用该模型对气动发动机进行理论分析的仿真计算方法，浙江大学博士学位论文：气动发动机探索性研究为后续理论研究打下基础。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。