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The Periscope Drawtube will be bent because of the water resistance in sailing and this bend will cause the error of star measurement. Due to its especial structure, contactless measurement is the only way to measure its bend degree. First this paper introduces the method by linear array CCD based on structure and light path; Second it expatiates linear array CCD work principle and driving scheduling with example of TCD1501C and the driving circuit by CPLD. The output signal of linear array CCD includes common disturbance so the differential amplifier is needed. In order to make the signal adapt to computer processing, a threshold circuit with Schmitt characteristic and the data process following threshold are given. At last, some key problems in application are given.

潜艇潜望镜的镜筒在航行时受到水的阻力会产生弯曲变形，这种变形会造成潜艇对星体测量的误差；由于镜筒结构的特殊性，对其弯曲程度的测量只能采用非接触方法；首先从结构和光路方面介绍采用线阵CCD作为检测元件实现对镜筒弯曲程度的测量；其次以东芝公司的线阵CCD（TCD1501C）为例阐述了其工作原理及驱动时序的控制要点，并介绍了基于可编程逻辑器件的线阵CCD的驱动电路；线阵CCD输出的信号中含有共模干扰，必须采用差分放大器将其抑制；为将信号转化为适合计算机处理的数字信号，文中给出了有一定实用价值具有施密特特性的二值化处理电路及二值化后的数据处理过程；最后阐述了在实际使用中的一些关键问题。

Error threshold. The object of natural selection is the quasi-species, and the existence of the error threshold places a limit on the genome length that the organisms carry.

自然选择的目标是准物种，而误差阈的存在对生物体所能携带的基因组的长度施加了一个限制。

From this model, we can find how the channel length, channel doping concentration, the thickness of silicon film and gate oxide influences the threshold voltage, and the variation of threshold voltage is independent on back-gate bias.

从模型中可以容易地分析阈值电压与沟道浓度、长度、SOI硅膜层厚度以及栅氧化层厚度的关系，并且发现△V与背栅压的大小无关。

Secondly, this thesis simulates CDMA Soft Handoff by using Hata transmition model and the threshold parameters on Visual C++ platform. Then through relevant experiments, it validate the impact of CDMA system threshold parameters in switching.

通过对软切换的分析，利用Hata传播模型和切换规则设置相关门限参数并在Visual C++平台上实现软切换的仿真设计，并通过相关实验，验证了CDMA系统中软切换各项参数取值对CDMA切换产生的影响，能够仿真CDMA切换功能。

Through exploring the internal logic interconnection among various key elements embedded in Berlin\'s body of thought, it summarizes the threshold logic underlining the following study of Berlin, i.e., the untiring efforts to defend the validity of liberalism under the superficial historic relevance. The basic structure of study based on this threshold logic is then outlined.

本文通过探析伯林思想体系中的各大要素之间的内在逻辑联系，论证了研究伯林所要围绕的逻辑主线，即伯林始终致力于捍卫自由主义原则的有效性，进而阐释了本文研究的基本理路。

Through exploring the internal logic interconnection among various key elements embedded in Berlins body of thought, it summarizes the threshold logic underlining the following study of Berlin, i.e., the untiring efforts to defend the validity of liberalism under the superficial historic relevance. The basic structure of study based on this threshold logic is then outlined.

本文通过探析伯林思想体系中的各大要素之间的内在逻辑联系，论证了研究伯林所要围绕的逻辑主线，即伯林始终致力于捍卫自由主义原则的有效性，进而阐释了本文研究的基本理路。

Then the corrected average hearing threshold of 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 4 kHz and the average hearing threshold of 1 kHz,2 kHz,4 kHz were compared for analyzing the impact of their differences on hearing grades.

为了达成一致，我们在实际操作中对0.5k Hz听阈值进行了修正，对0.5kHz听阈值在计算平均听阈值时的影响进行了分析，结果报告如下。1对象和方法1.1样本和对象以2001年《贵州省年鉴》人口统计数据为基准，按容量比例概率抽样法

The field experiments on the near surface airflow, sand transport rate, grain size of the dune sands and the morphology of the dunes show that though shear velocity decreased at the toe of the transverse dune, the threshold shear velocity decreased simultaneously. The decreased threshold shear velocity and unsaturated sand flows at the stoss slope of the dunes resulted the erosion at the toe of the dune.

对简单横向沙丘表面的气流、输沙率、物质结构，以及形态学特征的观测表明，在横向沙丘迎风坡坡脚尽管剪切速度有所下降，但起动剪切速度同时减小，起动剪切速度减小与不饱和风沙流是沙物质在迎风坡坡脚不能产生沉积的主要原因。

A series of experiments were done to substantiate the feasibility of the different piezoelectric cochlea implants in vitro and in vivo . The unpoled ceramic had no piezoelectric characteristic and no ability to decrease the threshold, while the poled ceramic had obvious piezoelectric effect to recover the hearing. Based on these results, it can be affirmed that the piezoelectric cochlea implant can activate the nerve and decrease the threshold.

本研究通过未极化与极化的高灵敏性压电陶瓷的对比，从体外模拟实验中的声电响应曲线和动物体内植入实验的结果中得到：未极化的压电陶瓷没有压电响应，而极化后的压电陶瓷能够将声音信号转化为电信号，证实了压电陶瓷的压电特性的确可以刺激动物的听神经，从而降低听阈阈值。

Our experimental results shown that threshold voltage related hot only with the number of hecical turns ,hut a boundary-induced contraction or dilatation of the pitch also has a strong influence on it, at each regin, belong to a fixed n,the threshold voltage increases as the contraction of the pitch and the thieshold volage decreases as the dilatation of the pitch.

实验结果表明：阀值电压不仅与螺距数有关，而且与边界条件引起的螺距收缩和伸展有关，在螺距数不变的情况下，螺距的收缩使阀值电压提高，而螺距的伸展使阀值电压减小。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。