查询词典 on the surface

In this paper,from the global viewpoint we first define the nonlinear control system on a two dimensional surface in the three dimensional Euclidean space, give the represwentation of the state equation under a loca coordinate sysgtem of the surface, and study the connectin between the equilibrium state of the nonlinear system and the egodesics on the surface.

我们首先从整体化的观点定义了一种建立在三维欧氏空间的二维曲面上的非线性控制系统，并给出了在曲面的局部坐标系下非线性系统状态方程的表达式，研究了非线性系统的平衡态与曲面的测地线之间的关系。

The existence of surface electronic states is an intrinsic property of the surface and many properties and processes happening on the surface of the materials are closely related to the surface states and their energy distribution and space distribution.

表面电子态的存在是表面固有的性质，材料的许多性质和发生在表面的过程都与表面态及其能量分布，空间分布有关。

A deformable model is used to reconstruct the shape of the LV: first, the dynamic equation governing the surface deformation is deduced; secondly the image planes are mapped to the reconstruction coordinate system. From the slices data, the external force exerted on the surface is defined and the elastic force of the surface is constructed by mean curvature of the deformation surface. Finally, a level set method is applied to solve the dynamic equation for LV shape.

为了重建左心室的形状，使用基於形变模型的方法：首先建立变形曲面的动力学方程；再将成像坐标系中的图像平面映射到重建坐标系，根据图像数据构造外力，使用平均曲率构造变形曲面的弹性力，然后用水平集数值解法求解动力学方程以重建左心室的表面。

The sludge in SBMBR1 presented granular characteristics and settled very well. The sludge in SBMBR1was brown and the sludge flocs was smashed by the shear force due to high intensity of aeration. The sludge size decreased and the sludge flocs blended with water forming ropy solutions, and there was no distinguish interface between water and sludge. Low sludge age and high loading operation enabled the sludge in SBMBR1 keeping higher sludge activity and the MLVSS/MLSS ratio and SOUR values of SBMBR1 were higher than SBMBR2. Both in SBMBR1 and SBMBR2, there were large amount of zoogloea, bacillus, coryneform of bacteria, and pediococcus. However, in SBMBR1 there were also a lot of Protozoa like epistylis and etc. A certain amount of filamentous bacteria can also be found in SBMBR1. The biological species in SBMBR1 were much more abundant than that in SBMBR2.3. Membrane fouling on flat-sheets membrane was observed and analyzed with AFM, SEM and TEM. After the measurement of membrane surface EPS and membrane surface ETX analysis, the pollutants composition on the surface of flat-sheets membrane was calculated.

从外观观察SBMBR1反应器中的活性污泥呈浅黄色，随着运行时间的增加，污泥粒径逐步增加，SV、SVI值逐步下降，呈现出较强的颗粒特征，沉降性能良好；SBMBR2污泥呈土黄色，污泥絮体被高强度的曝气所产生的切应力所打碎，污泥粒径迅速降低，絮体较为细碎，和水相混合成均一粘稠的溶液，看不到泥水分界面；低泥龄、高负荷运行，使得SBMBR1可以保持较高的微生物活性，MLVSS/MLSS值、SOUR值均高于SBMBR2；两级反应器活性污泥中均有大量的菌胶团，长杆菌、短杆菌和球菌是构成主体，但SBMBR1活性污泥中含有大量固着型原生动物如累枝虫等，还存在着一定数量的丝状菌，生物相要比SBMBR2丰富。3、借助原子力显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等手段对平板膜污染现象进行观测和分析，并通过膜表面污染物EPS测定、污染膜表面能谱分析，得出平板膜表面污染物的组成。

The precision lapping technology to machine the copper substrate using semi-fixed abrasive plate was studied. The surface roughness and material removal rate as the evaluation of indicators, the influences of the different lapping parameters on the surface roughness and material removal rate were discussed and analyzed. Experimental results indicated that the copper substrate could be efficiently machined by semi-fixed abrasive plate of 800(superscript #) SiC abrasive, and the initial roughness Ra of a machined surface could be improved from 0.553μm to 0.28μm in 10min, produced an ideal rarely scratch surface. Then processed copper polished by diamonded grinding paste, it could be satisfied for the Ni-Pd-P alloy thin film growth.

主要研究半固着磨具精密研磨非晶态Ni-Pd-P合金薄膜铜片衬底，以铜片衬底的表面粗糙度和材料去除率为评价指标，探讨了研磨过程中不同的工艺参数对铜片表面粗糙度和材料去除率的影响结果表明：用800 SiC半固着磨具对铜片衬底进行研磨加工，10min后铜片表面粗糙度Ra可由0553μm减小到0.28μm，同时表面无深划痕：加工后的铜片再经金刚石研磨膏抛光可快速获得满足Ni-Pd-P合金薄膜生长用的铜片衬底表面。

In any case, this requires version decoronated placed a significant portion of skinpass at the time, but because the imaging procedure takes direct contact exposure modes, the whole process can accept different types of plate surface changes of different planeness, and these changes are on the surface of the bltumlnous by the production of traditional plates on the surface treatment of aluminum.

无论怎样，这需要版材在平放时相当的平整，但由于成像过程采用直接接触曝光方式，整个过程可以接受各种类型版材表面不同平整度的变化，而这些表面的平整度变化是由生产传统版材时对铝基表面处理而造成的。

In this research, mixed SAM of HS-(CH2)15-CH3 and HS-(CH2)15-COOH was immobilized on gold substrate through chemical bond, and PEG and PMB were in sequence linked to the –COOH terminal groups on the SAM sureface by EDC/NHS amide coupling. The PMB immobilized surface was applied to study its specific and nonspecific interactions with LPS by ellipsometry and by SPR spectroscopy. The modified surface is characterized by FTIR, XPS, ellipsometry and contact angle measurements.

本研究系利用HS-(CH2)15-CH3及HS-(CH2)15-COOH混合溶液，在金表面形成稳定共价键结之混合自组单分子膜(Self-Assembly Monlayer，SAM)，再将PEG及Polymyxin B分子依序接至SAM表面之-COOH官能基上，利用表面电浆共振(Surface Plasmon Resornance，SPR)仪或椭圆仪，侦测其与LPS分子之特异与非特异性吸附行为。

The shading network plugged into the eMicroscope surface shader creates the look of a bump mapped surface that interpolates between black and light blue depending on how much each point on the surface is facing towards the camera.

这个材质网络插入一个电子显微镜的表面材质创建一个凹凸表面的外观，依靠每个点在面对摄像机的方向来在黑色和淡蓝色之间进行插值。

SF and collagen films were treated by negative corona discharge, homothermal surface potential decay was tested to detect the charge stability. Result showed circums- tance humidity influenced severely the surface charge stability. There were polar groups on the surface after corona discharge, and hydrogen bonds existed between these groups. On the other hand, ATR-FTIR analysis indicated the conformation transition of SF was induced by strong electric field and a part of random coil conformation was converted into β-sheet structure.

采用自制的负电晕极化装置对丝素、胶原膜进行了表面处理，等温表面电位衰减法测试材料在不同环境中表面电位的变化，发现环境湿度对材料表面电荷稳定性的影响较大；XPS光谱分析表明材料表面有极性基团产生，这些基团之间有可能会形成氢键，同时ATR-FTIR分析表明丝素的构象在强电场的作用下发生了变化，由无规线团转变为β折叠结构。

Results: 1Lightly selective solution appeared on the surface of anodizing samples. The sample's metal surface expanded and the thickness of oxide film is 1.72 times of the control samples. 2 The samples of degassing-preoxidation group formed very thick oxide film on surface and it was 23.32 times of the control samples, the relative content of O element in thick oxide film was higher than the other 2 groups.

阳极钝化处理的试片表面发生了轻度的选择性溶解，增加了金属的表面积，所形成的氧化膜厚度是空白对照组的1.72倍。2）除气加预氧化组则形成较厚的氧化膜，为空白对照组的23.32倍，而且氧化膜内氧原子的相对含量远远高于其他实验组。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。