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It includes: cost behaviors and calculation, effects of absorption costing and marginal costing on decision-making, sensitivity analysis on investment strategy; the content andexecution of overall budget, the analysis and disposal of cost diversity between actual and standard costs, the principle of cost control, inventories management, pricing policy and learning curve will also be considered.

包括：成本习性与成本计算；吸收成本法与边际成本法对企业决策的影响；决策分析方法；敏感性分析在投资策略上的应用；全面预算的内容和编制方法；标准成本的制定；成本差异分析与处理；成本控制的原则；存货管理、定价决策、学习曲线及其应用等。

With the society Of city develobing ,the value of urban forestry become More and more affirmable and is taken care by every City in the world ,this paper excerpt the history of Urban forestry and the need of constructing urban forestry ,refer to concept ,category ang area of urban forestry ,introduce the condition of natural and environment,the situation of society and economy of nanning simply, summarize status of forestry resource in nanning, analyze and evaluate urban forestry in nanning about city afforestation ,timber structure,biodiversity ,comprehensive development of forestry ,and so on ,in according with investigation of Nanning citys afforestation in 2000,and suburban forest resource survey in 1999 ,and so on ,suggest the antidote of sustainable development according to the problem existing at present and develobment tendency of ecology ,second, bersist the orientation development of urban forest ,third,persist the principle of "the same three paces"and "the three unity",the last,change the affaire of managed department

随着城市社会经济的发展，城市林业的重要性越来越受到世界各城市的肯定并给予关注和重视。本文引述城市林业的历史以及建设城市林业的必要性，提出城市林业的概念、范畴及其地域范围，简要介绍南宁市城市自然环境条件与社会经济概况，依据2000年南宁市城市绿化普查及1999年南宁市郊区森林资源清查等资料，概述该市林业资源现状，并对南宁市城市林业的城市绿化、林种结构、生物多样性以及林业综合开发等进行分析评价，针对存在问题及城市林业未来的发展趋势提出南宁市城市林业可持续发展的对策：1加强生态文化宣传教育；2坚持城市林业的定位发展；3坚持"三同步"、"三统一"的方针原则；4转变经营部门职能，旨在为南宁市城市林业的建设和发展提供参考。关键词城市林业；城市概况；现状分析；可持续发展

On the basis of the each principle of the method of anemography of balloon contrail and aeolian contour line radar,it analyzes and discusses emphatically on the differences between them as well as advantage and meaning of the method of anemography of aeolian contour line radar .

文章在介绍了气球轨迹法测风和风廓线雷达测风各自原理的基础上，重点分析、探讨了二者间的差异，以及采用风廓线雷达测风的优势与发展风廓线雷达的意义。

In addition, the principle of treating calculi on both sides of the upper urinary tract, acute anuria, stag-horn calculi , replacement of the ureter with ileum, perinephric abscess formed on the basis of urinary obstruction by the calculi , excretion of calculi by treatment with medicinal herbs and other proble...

本文报告双侧上尿路结石40例，对其临床情况、手术措施、治疗效果及并发症等均作了阐述和分析；对双侧上尿路结石处理原则、急性尿闭、鹿角状结石、肾部分切除、回肠代输尿管、由于结石梗阻而形成的肾周围脓肿、中药排石等问题作了较充分的讨论。

We introduce the principle and arithmetic of Finite Difference Time Domain method particularly, and primarily discuss on several essential questions including excitation sources, the conditions of stability of calculation, and Perfectly Matched Layer boundary conditions. All of these factors have effect on the results of the numerical simulation.

2详细介绍了有限时域差分法(Finite Difference Time Domain， FDTD)的原理和算法，着重讨论和分析了激励源设置、FDTD法的稳定条件、PML吸收边界条件等几个关键问题，这些因素会直接影响模拟结果。

The old industrial production is a batch process of resources intensive products, opening according on the whole to the principle of " perfect competition " which the classical economists one-sidedly wished based on a series of grants in the hope to set up a balanced and orderly economy world.

传统的工业生产是一个大批量的资源密集型产品生产过程，经济运作基本上是按古典经济学家的"完全竞争"进行的，经济世界是均衡有序的。

Design on the principle that security , economy are rational , esthetic , fix up the selection of structure and structural level of every floor, assign , turn into with PK software AutoCAD revise the part behind the structural level well; Adopt stair and floor calculating and designing a teacher to appoint by hand, and calculate the appointed floor with PKPM software, compare with the floor that calculates by hand, fetch the drawing construction drawing of the head of the two; Calculate by hand the frame which the teacher appoints loads, set up good PKPM and calculate the procedure model of the frame , calculate frame internal force and output file result with PKPM , calculate , get PKPM structure mix muscle picture turn into AutoCAD carry on part punish; Build up pieces of internal force association from frame that PKPM obtain , choose three group unfavorable association design the materials as the foundation most, carry on the design basis of the craft, and draw and obtain the basic detail drawing and match the muscle with AutoCAD.

设计以安全、经济合理、美观为原则，进行结构选型和各楼层结构平面布置，用PK软件布置好结构平面后再转到AutoCAD上进行局部修改；采用手工计算设计老师指定的楼梯和楼板，并用PKPM软件计算指定楼板，与手工计算的楼板进行比较，取二者之长绘制成施工图；手工计算老师指定的框架荷载，建立好PKPM计算框架程序模型，用PKPM计算框架内力并输出文件结果，把PKPM计算得到结构配筋图转到AutoCAD进行局部处理；从PKPM得出的框架构件内力组合，选择三组最不利的组合作为基础设计资料，进行手工设计基础，并用AutoCAD绘制得出基础详图及配筋。

Then the major rule of different structure parameters" effects on weapon performance are found, which can provide theoretical basis for the further design of the weapon.An innovative principle concept for "Canister Rifle hitched on the Gun is put forward based on the analysis of the above three concepts.

在对三种方案分析的基础上，本文还提出了一种具有较大创新的枪挂霰弹发射器的原理方案，该方案能够更进一步提高火药气体的能量利用效率和枪挂霰弹发射器的威力。

Health Minister Chen Zhu on November 7 in the World Health Organization, traditional medicine of the General Assembly at the opening ceremony that the Chinese characteristics in the medical and health development, always adhere to the principle of attaching equal importance to Chinese and Western medicine; traditional Chinese medicine has always been in accordance with the characteristics and laws of development Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine and Western medicine on the equally important position, adhere to traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the legal, academic, service on an equal footing; incorporate Chinese medicine into the health development of the overall planning, co-ordination, Utilization and system, a system of material and create the conditions for efforts to promote and facilitate the development of Chinese medicine.

卫生部部长陈竺在11月7日世界卫生组织传统医学大会的开幕式上讲话表示，在中国特色的医疗卫生事业发展中，始终坚持中西医并重的方针；始终按照中医药的特点和规律发展中医药，把中医药与西医药摆在同等重要的位置，坚持中医药与西医药在法律上、学术上、服务上的平等地位；把中医药纳入卫生事业发展的总体规划中，统筹考虑，综合利用，并在体制、制度及物质上创造条件，着力推动和促进中医药的发展。

Based on the introduction about principle and the basis knowledge of the insurance, the foreign trade insurance emphases on the explanation of import and export goods transportation insurance, the property insurance, the liability insurance, the credit insurance and the life insurance and so on.

外贸保险从介绍保险的基本原理和基础知识入手，重点讲解进出口货物运输保险，财产保险，责任保险，信用保险和人身保险等涉外保险业务；介绍我国目前开设的涉外保险险种以及涉外保险业务的具体做法。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。