查询词典 on the average

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

It was revealed that the average infrared radiation temperature of damp rock increases with loading and keeps its change in step with the stress, and that the fluctuation of AIRI is much less, The AIRT increment of damp rock is higher than that of dry rock under unit load before destabilization and the fact shows that water will intensify the infrared radiation from loaded rock, but no obvious change was found on thermal image during the instantaneous fracture of damp rock.

结果表明：潮湿岩石加载过程中平均红外辐射温度随载荷增加呈上升趋势AIRT与应力的变化步调一致，曲线波动较小；岩石失稳前单位载荷下潮湿岩石的升温幅度高于干燥岩石，水对岩石受力时的红外辐射具有明显推动作用，但破坏瞬间热像特征变化不很明显。

The Airy function is used to calculate the plasma impedance and the grill-plasma scattering matrix is deduced, then the coupling properties of the HT-7 LHCD MJ launcher are studied with the antenna scattering matrix and the grill-plasma scattering matrix based on the liner coupling theory. The average power reflection coefficient, directivity, power spectrum are obtained for different edge plasma densities and for different phasings between main waveguides.

采用线型耦合理论，用艾黎函数计算了等离子体阻抗，推导出常规波导阵对等离子体的散射矩阵，并利用它和天线自身的散射矩阵研究了HT-7装置低杂波多结波导阵天线的耦合特性；计算了其平均功率反射系数、方向性系数和功率谱与等离子体边缘密度和主波导相位差等参数的关系。

Integrating trellis-coded modulation with threaded algebraic space–time block code, trellis-coded modulation space-time block code is presented, which has the advantage of full-diversity and small detection delay. Based on TCM pre-processing, the minimum distance between different codeword matrixes of the TCMST block code is maximized, so the average bit error rate of the TCMST block code is lower than that of the TAST block code at the same signal noise ratio.

TCMST分组码具有满发送分集度和检测延迟小等优点；由于采用了TCM预处理，使得不同TCMST分组码码字矩阵间的最小距离达到了最大化，因此在相同信噪比情况下，TCMST分组码具有比TAST分组码更低的平均误比特率。

Based on the second- and fourth-order compact difference formulas for second-order derivatives and the idea of weighted average, two classes of the alternating direction implicit method are proposed for solving two-dimensional wave equation. The methods are of accuracy O (T^2+h^4) and O (T^4+h^4) respectively. Stability conditions are obtained by Fourier analysis method.

基于二阶微商的四阶紧致差商逼近公式及加权平均思想，提出了数值求解二维波动方程的2种精度分别为O(т^2+h^4)和O(т^4+h^4)的交替方向隐式格式，以及与其相匹配的第一个时间层的同阶离散格式，并且通过Foulier方法分析了格式的稳定性。

The average person will automatically set out on the bestknown and apparently simplest route.

普通人会自动踏上一条最为人熟悉、显然最简单的路径。

Additionally, the effects of average degree on the pattern recognitions of scale-free Hopfield networks are studied.

此外，关于无标度Hopfield神经网络模式识别的问题，研究了网络尺度的影响。

If Frank does miss the pocket it is either dead on the headpin or left of the headpin, because he missed his target several boards left, Frank Carries a 192 average, which would be even higher if he could consistently pick up a 10 pin spare.

Frank 只有在球偏离目标区好几块板时才会打到1号瓶正中央或左边而造成失误，他的平均分数为192，如果不是常漏10号瓶，分数可能会更高。

Then came the Yom Kippur War in 1973, and in 1974 an embargo on oil exports to the United States by Arab oil exporters boosted the average price to $11.58 per barrel--about $43.40 in today's terms.

接着，在1973年爆发了赎罪日战争，并且在1974年，阿拉伯石油出口国禁止向美国出口石油，把每桶的平均价格提高到11.58美元----约折合现在的43.40美元。

The linear reconstruction approach using Green-Gauss gradient estimation is applied in order to obtain second order spatial accuracy. A new gradient estimation based on the weighted average of Barth and Jespersen's three point model limiter is employed to minimize the numerical oscillations around solution discontinuities.

利用格林－高斯公式对控制体内的变量进行线性重构，获得空间二阶精度，并采用Barth型限制器以抑制数值解的振荡。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。