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Birefringence is easily measured quantitatively, and both off-line and on-line instruments are available to ensure product quality and maintain production uniformity.

双折射是容易衡量，在数量上的，双方在离线和在线仪器，可确保产品质量，保持生产一致性。

Finally, the power market oriented Energy Information System combined the on-line real time operation with the off-line trade management is discussed.

最后，对面向电力市场、集在线实时运行和离线营销管理于一体的能量信息系统进行了讨论。

In this paper, we study static off-line and dynamic on-line algorithms of data repartition to improve the disk load balance. Then we described a lab to analysis the CPU cost of these algorithms.

本文提出了SN结构下并行数据库的静态和动态重划分算法，以及针对轮转重划分的静态算法，理论分析和实践表明算法是正确可行性的。

In the method, the orbit of targets and the radar coordinates and parameters are put to calculate attitude and dynamic parameters of targets in line of sight. And then the dynamic data are generated according to the electromagnetic modulation model of the movement of targets including motion at high speed, spin, precession on electromagnetic wave.

该方法首先确定目标的轨道和雷达的布站坐标及工作模式，而后计算目标在雷达观测视线(line of sight， LOS)方向上的姿态和运动参数，最后根据空间目标高速运动、自旋、进动等在电磁波上调制的数学模型生成动态测量数据。

On-line looked from the contour and month that the overall trend of escalation starts to transform, the even line system recedes from the top digit, the latter city estimated that under the oil price short-term will continue to seek the bottom sprag.

从周线和月线上看，总体上升趋势开始转变，均线系统自高位回落，后市预计油价短期将继续下寻底部支撑。

Through theoretical derivation, the author proved that the Landweber method is the transmogrification of the iteration solution of the generalized inverse, so the phenomenon that the reconstructed images of Landweber through many iterative processes is close to those reconstructed by generalized inverse method is explained, then a new reconstruction algorithm, namely pre-iteration method is presented, which divides the process of reconstruction into two steps, namely off-line pre-iteration and on-line one-step reconstruction.

通过理论推导，作者证明了Landweber法实际上可归于广义逆矩阵迭代求解的变形，从而解释了Landweber法多次迭代后，趋于广义逆解的现象。

Aiming at T-base diamond lathe, author use both on-line and off-line to measure the error vector of lathe workspace, and acquire good network train samples, then build two-dimensional error compensation model of lathe workspace with BP neural network and fuzzy neural network, at last build contour error compensation control system.

在分析国内外数控机床伺服闭环系统的发展现状及局限性的基础上，利用原数控系统和所研制的二维压电陶瓷微动刀架，研制了独立于原数控系统的超精密闭环控制系统。

The water washing device may perform on-line washing and off line washing. However, they should be performed manually.

水洗装置可进行压气机在线清洗和燃机离线清洗，但必须手动进行。

On-line and off-line scanners for QC of biaxially oriented films usually contain both normal and oblique light paths, combined with orientation-angle measurements.

上线与离线扫描器为御用大律师的双向拉伸薄膜中通常含有正常及斜光路径，加上方向角测量。

After the analysis of the difficulties of force tracking in impedance control, the advantages and disadvantages of off-line parameter estimate algorithm, on-line parameter estimate algorithm and adaptive force control algorithm have been contrastively studied in the force regulation of HIT-1 dextrous robot hand.

本文在分析阻抗控制力跟踪难点的基础上，对比研究了离线环境参数估计法、在线环境参数估计法和自适应力跟踪法三种阻抗控制的力跟踪方法，并且从实际应用的角度出发提出了适合于HIT-1机器人灵巧手阻抗控制的自适应力跟踪方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。