查询词典 on an average

Secondly, in this part, we will introduce the notation of average geodesic curvature for curves in the hyperbolic plane, and investigate the relationship between the embeddedness of the curve and its average geodesic curvature. Finally, we will employ the Minkowskis support function to construct a new kind of non-circular smooth constant breadth curves in order to attack some open problems on the constant width curves for example, whether there is a non-circular polynomial curve of constant width, etc.

其次，对双曲平面上的曲线引入平均测地曲率的概念，并讨论双曲平面上凸曲线的嵌入性与它的平均测地曲率之间的关系，其目的是为了将双曲平面上曲线的性质与欧氏平面中曲线的性质作一些对比；最后，我们利用Minkowski支撑函数构造了一类新的非圆的光滑常宽曲线，其目的是想回答有关常宽曲线的一些未解决问题如是否存在非圆的多项式常宽曲线？

Here, we will give an independent proof of the existence for inequality (2.1.3), and by the way, give an estimate on the width of the bi-enclosing annulus of closed convex curves in the plane. Secondly, in this part, we will introduce the notation of average geodesic curvature for curves in the hyperbolic plane, and investigate the relationship between the embeddedness of the curve and its average geodesic curvature.

其次，对双曲平面上的曲线引入平均测地曲率的概念，并讨论双曲平面上凸曲线的嵌入性与它的平均测地曲率之间的关系，其目的是为了将双曲平(来源：ABC论84文网www.abclunwen.com)面上曲线的性质与欧氏平面中曲线的性质作一些对比；最后，我们利用Minkowski支撑函数构造了一类新的非圆的光滑常宽曲线，其目的是想回答有关常宽曲线的一些未解决问题如是否存在非圆的多项式常宽曲线？

In this paper we considered three problems on Asian options pricing: The valuation of geometric average Asian options with stochastic averaging period, the valuation of Asian options with fixed strike price and floating strike price in the case of arithmetic average.

本文考虑了三个关于亚式期权的定价问题：平均周期是随机的几何平均亚式期权的定价；具有固定执行价格的算术平均亚式期权的定价和具有浮动执行价格的算术平均亚式期权的定价。

In chapter 3, we study pricing of geometric average Asian capped calls, pricing of geometric average Asian option with transaction cost, pricing of the two kinds of exotic option in Fractional Brownian motion environment, pricing of capped calls with transaction cost in fractional Brownian motion environment.

在本文的第三章，研究了几何平均亚式上限型买权的定价，有交易成本的几何平均亚式期权的定价，分数次布朗运动环境中两种奇异期权的定价，以及分数次布朗运动环境中有交易成本的上限型买权的定价。

In Chapter 4, the pricing of Asian geometric average option under stochastic interest rates is studied, assuming CIR model for the interest rates. Asian option is strongly dependent with path, usually have a long duration, the movement of interest rates becomes more important in pricing such long-dated options. The CIR interest rate model not only considered the interest rate behavior has mean-reverting but also take into account that the fluctuation rate is direct proportion with the square root of its interest rate. Finally, the method of finite difference for the Asian geometric average option under CIR interest rate model is given.

第四章在利率满足CIR利率模型的假设下，研究了几何亚式期权的定价公式，亚式期权是强路经依赖性期权，通常有效期较长，在进行较长时期的投资时，利率的变化是非常重要的，CIR利率模型不仅考虑了利率行为具有均数回归的现象，而且还考虑其波动性的大小与利率大小的平方根成正比，最后给出了CIR利率模型下的几何亚式期权定价的有限差分法。

The main results are as follows:We review the existing Monte Carlo control variates estimators of the price of Asian options and propose a new one. According to pratical needs, we define efficiency as the inverse of the product of the variance of an estimator and its computational time and make it a standard for comparisons to draw the following conclusions: Firstly, the more control variates correlate with arithmetic average Asian options, the larger is the efficiency of an estimator with these control variates, but among which the geometric average option plays the most important role; Secondly, an estimator with more control variates is better than one with less ones only when the time to maturity is long and the volatility is high.

在综合已有研究工作的基础上，本论文的主要创新成果如下：（1）我们回顾了已有的亚洲期权价格的蒙特卡罗控制变量估计，并提出了一个新的控制变量估计，且从客观实际出发，将估计值的方差和计算时间的乘积的倒数定义为效率并以它为标准比较各估计，得到以下结论：与算术平均亚洲期权相关程度越大的控制变量构成的估计的效率越大，而其中起主要作用的控制变量为几何平均亚洲期权的价格；只有在到期时间较长且标的资产的波动率较大时，元素多的多元控制变量估计比元素少的效率大。

Two amelioration operators were developed, such as the triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers weighted arithmetic average operator, and the f interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers weighted geometric average operator.

定义了三角和区间直觉模糊集的一些运算法则，给出了直觉模糊集两个改进算子，即三角模糊数加权算术平均算子和区间直觉模糊数加权几何平均算子。

Beginning with a general mean function, the model analyzes the distance between the arithmetic average and geometric average by Taylor's expanding.

第二章介绍了亚式期权定价研究中的市场结构、一般原理和若干重要的定价方法：PDE偏微分方程法；埃级沃斯级数展开近似定价；倒数分布近似定价；条件期望近似定价；执行价格调整近似定价，这些方法使亚式期权的定价得到了很大的发展。

Dynamic pressure averaging pipe was generally applied to blowing rate measurement in rectangular pipe of power plant, the average velocity of flow in the section was represented by the average dynamic pressure at the line through the geometric center of the cross section, and then the blowing rate was determined.

针对这一问题，本文设计了基于"对数契比雪夫法"的送风流量测量装置，将5支动压平均管置于同一截面，按"对数契比雪夫法"选点位置开孔，把这5支动压平均管的静压输出孔、总压输出孔分别连接到一起作为传感器组件的差压输出，实验表明这种方法使测量准确度明显提高。

RESULTSThe average grade of squamous metaplasia and the average score of FL were significantly higher and the mean goblet cell density was significantly lower in diabetic patients than in control subjects.

结果］与正常对照组比较，糖尿病组患者角膜上皮损伤严重，杯状细胞密度显著降低，结膜上皮细胞的鳞状化级别显著增加，相比较均有显著性差异。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48