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This method provides an alterative way to obtain energy spectra of precipitating particles, and may also act as the complement of the lowertimeresolution limitations of satellite energetic particle observations. It is of high value in both academic and applied fields to establish models of space environment disturbance.

该方法开辟了获取沉降粒子能谱特征的一条新途径，可以弥补卫星能量粒子观测数据磁地方时分辨率的不足，对于建立空间环境扰动模式具有重要的学术意义和应用价值。

We study the substorm dipolarization occurring from 1730 to 1930 UT on Sep. 14, 2004 based on DSP/TC1, Cluster and Polar data, combined with the aurora and geosynchronous energetic particle measurements and ground-based magnetic field observations.

利用TC1、Cluster和Polar结合极光和同步高度及地磁的观测，研究了2004年9月14日1730~1930 UT时间段的亚暴偶极化过程。

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

Of Chinese-Western gay relationships well, and his observations on Hong Kong are engagingly accurate.

Pascal 的孖生兄弟或是一名与 Pascal 面貌极相似的人，两名主角的相遇不但带来生机，同样

Observations by laser confocal microscope and determinations by electron probe revealed that neither carbonaceous chondrite nor enstatite chondrite were found among these meteorites.

经激光共聚焦显微镜观察，未查出碳质球粒陨石。经电子探针鉴定，也未发现顽火辉石球粒陨石。

Shenzhen is entertainingly compact with Guy Delisle's observations of life in a cold urban city in southern China that is sealed off by electric fences and armed guards from the rest of the country.

今天我就发现一个英语国家的漫画家Guy delisle画的中国游记，名字就叫《深圳》（Shenzhen： A Travelogue From China），里面有很多有趣的东西。

The results show that the positional precision for each star is comparable to or better than the best observations of Uranian satellites that is used to improve their ephemeris.

结果表明，相对于天王星卫星确实可以精确测定同一CCD视场中暗恒星的位置，位置测量的精度和国外最好的天王星卫星位置测量的精度相当或更高。

The initial association between the development of valvular heart disease and drugs stems from observations made during the use of methysergide and ergotamine for migraine prophylaxis in the 1960s.

心脏瓣膜病的发生与药物之间的联系，最初在20世纪60年代应用美西麦角和麦角胺预防偏头痛发作时观察注意到。

Although itis not always easy to free comparative public administration form the ethnocentric tendencies of the larger field of public administration(indeed, of social science as well), it is important at the outset to make these observations

虽然往往并不是很容易可以将比较公共行政从公共行政的大区域内的种族趋向划分出来（事实上，社会科学也是一样），十分重要的一点是在开始就进行这些观察。

Instead of entering the class as an adult, students were asked to act like "a child". Participant-observations and ethnographical interviews with children were conducted during the course of inquiry.

其中学生以参与式观察体验幼儿在幼稚园的生活；师资培育者则透过观察与讨论，与扮演者共同诠释、理解和重建现场事件之意义。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。