查询词典 observational

Paco Underhill, a pioneer in the field of observational customer research pointed out that people are taped dozens of times each day doing routine chores like pumping gas.

顾客观察研究领域的先驱安德希尔表示，人们每天执行例行杂务，例如为爱车车胎打气的过程中，都会被录下数十次。

Background- Observational studies suggest that open visiting policies are preferred by most patients and visitors in intensive care units, but no randomized trial has compared the safety and health outcomes of unrestrictive and restrictive visiting policies.

背景：重症监护病房开放探视受到患者和探视者的欢迎，但是没有相关随机试验来比较限制探视和开放探视在安全性和健康方面的差异。

this paper discussed several untestable assumptions which were often used in epidemiologi-cal observational studies,and some paradoxical results that may arise under different assumptions were showed.simpson's paradox and lord's paradox were introduced.assumption of treatment assignment in causal inference of epidemiological studies,assumption of control group in evaluation of exposure ef-fects,and assumption of missing data mechanisms in incomplete data analysis were also discussed.

本文主要讨论流行病学观察性研究中几种常用的假定，介绍simpson's悖论和lord's悖论，逆回归问题，以及在不同假定下可能出现的相互矛盾的结果。探讨流行病学研究的因果推断中处理分配机制的假定，暴露作用评价中对照组的模型假定，以及不完全数据分析中缺失数据机制的假定。

The other one retrieves vertical velocity from the reflectivity using statistical algorithm and assimilates the vertical velocity taking Richardson's equation as observational operator. It is found that the vertical velo city derived by the former is usually too weak while the later gets the distinct three dimensional convective structure of meso-scale system with strong vertical velocity.

其一是采用Richardson方程通过水平风场、温度和气压来对垂直速度进行诊断，其二是利用统计方法由观测的反射率因子反演出垂直速度后，再采用Richardson方程作为观测算子对反演的垂直速度进行同化。

The participants are interviewed one-to-one and the result shows that when students are conjecturing geometry, different ways of initial observational behaviors for picture cards appear, and that the behavior of collecting data is related to the whole amount and the correct rate of conjectures. Most of the students adopt the method of only observing one piece of diagram during the initial period of observation and are able to attain more correct and bigger amount of conjectures.

结果显示学生在进行几何臆测，对於图卡的初期观察行为会呈现不同的方式，而且该资料收集行为与学生能产生的全部臆测命题数和臆测命题正确率相关，多数的学生在初期观察时，采用仅观察一张图例的方式，而且可以获得更多且更正确的臆测命题。

Social practice, knowledge accumulation and technological development have shaped the profile of the observer. As artists, Yin Zhaohui and Yin Zhaoyu propose to raise an observational system in the standardized and denaturalized public consciousness.

社会实践、知识积累、科技发明的混合塑造了一种观察者的身形，而尹朝辉、尹朝宇以艺术家的身分作为观察者，在现今已标准化且去自然化的群众知觉中，提出了一层新的观察者机制。

Many factors have been incriminated --- dietary protein, calcium, vitamin D, Ca:P, low UVB, rapid growth from high calorie diets --- but to date our information has been strictly observational and anecdotal.

许多因素造成了隆背---蛋白质摄入，钙，维生素D，钙磷比，低UVB，高热量食物引起的快速生长--但是到目前为止我们的信息一直受到拘束，而且大部分只是传闻。

Using maximal ancestral graph models, this paper characterizes the independencies and causal structure of the observed variables and provides an algorithm for causal inference using observational data.

作者利用在观测变量上构造的最大祖先图模型刻画观测变量间的独立性关系和因果结构，并提出了具体的实现算法，从而可由观测数据来推断这类不完全观测下的部分因果关系。

In the first part of the thesis, the basic theory of gravitational lensing isintroduced, which includes strong lensing, weak lensing and microlensing,respectively, combined with their most recent observational results.

本文较详细介绍了引力透镜的基本原理，针对不同的情况、结合目前的观测结果对强透镜、弱透镜和微透镜分别作了系统的说明。

Using a fitting method which can reasonably assign weight to the observational data including two quantities with different dimensions, we obtain a V-band MRL based on the dynamical masses and luminosities of 203 main sequence stars. Compared with the previous work, the improved MRL is statistically significant, and the relative error of mass estimation reaches about 5%.

利用一个能合理分配两个不同量纲观测量权重的拟合方法，根据203颗恒星的动力学质量和光度数据给出了主序星的V波段经验质光关系，该结果对此前结果的改进不仅具有统计显著性，而且其对恒星质量估计的相对误差已达到约5%。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。