查询词典 observation error

In order to decrease the error rate of speech recognition, speaker adaptation techniques are often used to adjust speaker-dependent acoustic models. MLLR (Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression) and MAP are two of the most popular techniques in recent years. MLLR uses the technique of regression trees. It calculates the transform matrix for each leaf node of the tree. This makes it possible to use fewer sentences to decrease the error rate of HMM-based speech recognition. However, while we examined the recognition result, we found that although the overall error rate decreased, but the error rate of certain confusable phones was higher. In order to solve this problem, we propose the use MPE (Minimum Phone Error Discriminative Training) to solve this problem.

在语音辨识技术的实际应用上，语者调适技术常被用做调整语者无关之声学模型，使其对於特定语者之辨识率有所提升，常见的语者调适技术有最大化相似度线性回归（Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression），其精神在於透过对语音辨识模型相近的mixture做群聚，再对各个群聚做调整，以期能达到利用少量语料，提升辨识率的目的，但其缺点为，在发音上相近的模型，其mixture原本就极为近似，若再分类为同一群聚做调整，容易因为使用者的发音习惯，而使模型偏向ㄓ或ㄗ，因此虽然整体的辨识率获得提升，但却造成混淆音的错误率上升。

The conditions to measure accurately and the principles to select parameters of the multi— probes EST method are proposed, and the theoretical research, computer imitation and the experiment on a machine tool prove that these principles and suggestion are necessary and effective. The influence of the initial value errors of the probes, the installation error of the probes system, and the remaining error caused by the radical error motion are analyzed quantitively on the measurement accuracy of the multi—probes EST method. The influence of the error caused by the probe's axes which is not in a plane and the perpendicularity error of the plane which the probe's axes is in to the stational axis are discussed on the measurement results.

结合理论分析，对这些EST方法进行了计算机仿真分析和研究，重点研究了这些方法的应用条件和误差分离精度，所得出的结论是：三测头法EST基本上能实现各项误差的完全分离，适于在位测量使用；二测头法在恰当地选择测头安装角的条件下，可以得到较高测量精度，适于大型零件圆度、圆柱度、径向圆跳动和全跳动的在位测量；对置两测头时域法可以在一定程度上改善单测头法测量精度，但对随机径向误差无能为力；对置两测头频域法存在严重的谐波损失。

A commutation error is then considered in addition to the conventional residual error to generate the innovative residual error. Such an error is applied into cost functions to derive finite impulse response and infinite impulse response filter-based adaptive algorithms for ANC applications, referred to as FxRLS/CE and FuRLS/FRE+CE algorithms, respectively. Convergence analyses based on Lyapunov stability criteria for time-varying discrete-time systems can be carried out for the FxLMS/CE, FxRLS/CE and FuRLS/ FRE+CE algorithms to ensure stability. Computer simulations and experiments demonstrate that the innovative residual error-based adaptive algorithms can free the restriction of the slow-adaptation assumption in the conventional ANC approaches.

本文中也定义一交换误差并且加入到传统残留误差行形成新残留误差来改善适应性演算法的收敛速度，使用新残留误差推导出了有限脉冲响应滤波器与无限脉冲响应滤波器之适应演算法的新适应性演算法分别为： FxLMS/CE、 FxRLS/CE 和 FuRLS/FRE+CE 演算法，并且以离散时间的 Lyapunov 稳定性准则来证明演算法的收敛性，电脑模拟与实验也显示新演算法免除以往滤波器的参数必须缓慢更新的条件。

In order to evaluate aiming error of missile on the warship or on the submarine, including the error of warship position, the error of reference azimuth and the error of transfer measurement given by the navigation system, and try to divided them from the general error, it is highly important that we estimate and evaluate missile system of mobile bedding launching.

为了评估从舰船／潜艇上发射导弹的瞄准误差，包括舰船导航系统给定的船位误差、基准方位误差及其传递测量误差，并试图把它们从总的瞄准误差中分离出来，这对于动基座发射导弹武器的瞄准精度的评价极为重要。

Using the a hand-hold GPS and wireless transmitting unit to rapidly locate the fire and determine the rate of fire spread, which also offered an indispensable way of verifying the speed of forest fire appealing. Discussing the representation and Computing Method of the simulate calculation error based on the thorough investigation of the sources of simulate calculation error. Pointing out that the speed and directional error are the root of forest fire appealing simulates error. Thus increasing the parameter of error correction is an effect way of reducing systematicsimulationerrors.

4提出了一种利用手持GPS和无线传输设备来快速测定火场位置和林火实际蔓延速度的方法，为林火蔓延模拟速度验证提供了必要的手段；对林火蔓延模拟误差的来源进行了全面分析，探讨了林火蔓延误差的表现形式和计算方法，指出了林火蔓延速度误差和蔓延方向误差是林火蔓延误差产生的根源，提出了通过增加系统误差修正参数来减少系统模拟误差的有效方法。

The monotony and extremum theory of function are applied to prove the geometrical characteristic of error hand for 2D linear segment uncertainty ε(subscript σ) model in theory. The result shows that the error hand has the geometrical shape of "larger ends and smaller middle" or "one end larger and the other smaller". The minimum width and its exact position of the error hand are calculated too. It is proved that the minimum width position of the error hand is near the end with the smaller mean square error.

运用函数单调性和极值理论，从理论上证明ε模型的误差带的几何特征；得到线元误差带不仅具有&两端大、中同小&，而且也可能具有&一端大、一端小&的几何形状；给出了误差带的最小带宽及其位置；论证了误差带的最小误差带宽的位置靠近中误差较小的一端。

The text analyses GPS observation model, the characteristic of kinds of errors fountain and the adopting measures in the observation, and processes the thorough research to Bernese GPS Software Ms-Windows Version 4.2. It makes the most stable satellites as the main error. The differential way adopts non-differential way and double differential way. The positioning precision of the single point is decimeter level. RMS is within 0.01~0.02; If the ambiguity right and without week skip, the observation datum of a EPOCH-BY-EPOCH can make the short base line（S0km）positioning precision reach centimeter level.

本文分析了GPS的观测模型、观测量中各种误差源的特点及应采取的措施，并对Bernese GPS Software Ms-Windows Version 4.2 软件进行了深入的研究，它是以最稳定的卫星作为主差，采用非差和双差两种差分方法，单点定位精度在分米级，RMS能在0.01~0.02以内；在模糊度已求解正确条件下，若没有周跳，一个历元的观测数据就可以使短基线（S0km）定位精度达到厘米级。

Because of the fatal differs between large-scale and mesoscale weather systems, such problems as relevant model of background error, representativeness of observation data and observation error structure still need to carry on deeper research.

鉴于中尺度和天气尺度天气系统之间的巨大差别，在中尺度资料三维变分同化时，背景误差相关模型的设置、观测误差结构和观测资料的代表性等方面还需要进行更加深入的研究。

Choosing output error of Accelerometers and angle error of attitude as observation respectively and system observation model is derived, which is based on analyzing Kalman filter theory. Simulation show that the results are true and validated.

本文对捷联惯导系统动基座初始对准进行了研究，对卡尔曼滤波技术在动基座初始对准中的研究与应用具有一定的参考意义。

Comparing with the observation results, the biggest average error of four observation well is 0.14 m in the simulation, the positive and negative error is relatively equal, and the stability of system is better, which means the simulation model accords with the reality of the studying region.

模拟结果与观测结果比较，4个观测孔的平均水位误差最大值为0.14m，正负误差比较均衡，系统稳定性较好，表明所构建的数学模型与研究区域实际情况吻合较好。

But this is impossible, as long as it is engaging in a market economy, there are risks in any operation.

但是，这是不可能的，只要是搞市场经济，是有风险的任何行动。

We're on the same wavelength.

我们是同道中人。