查询词典 observability

PART 1 UNIT 1 B Electrical and Electronic Engineering Basics A Electrical Networks ———————————— 3 Three-phase Circuits A The Operational Amplifier ——————————— 5 UNIT 2 B Transistors A Logical Variables and Flip-flop —————————— 8 UNIT 3 B Binary Number System A Power Semiconductor Devices —————————— 11 UNIT 4 B Power Electronic Converters A Types of DC Motors —————————————15 UNIT 5 B Closed-loop Control of DC Drivers A AC Machines ———————————————19 UNIT 6 B Induction Motor Drive A Electric Power System ————————————22 UNIT 7 B PART 2 UNIT 1 B Power System Automation Control Theory A The World of Control ————————————27 —————29 The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation UNIT 2 B A Stability and the Time Response ————————— 30 Steady State————————————————— 31 A The Root Locus ————————————— 32 ————— 33 UNIT 3 B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams UNIT 4 A The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots ————— 34 B Nonlinear Control System 37 UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory B State Equations 40 38 UNIT 6 A Controllability, Observability, and Stability B Optimum Control Systems UNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent Control B Artificial Neural Network Computer Control Technology A Computer Structure and Function 42 B Fundamentals of Computer and Networks 43 44 PART 3 UNIT 1 UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices B The Applications of Computers 46 UNIT 3 A PLC Overview B PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of Control UNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer 49 B Understanding DSP and Its Uses 1 UNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded Systems B Embedded Systems Design Process Control A A Process Control System B 50 PART 4 UNIT 1 Fundamentals of Process Control 52 53 UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters B Final Control Elements and Controllers UNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI Controllers B PID Controllers and Other Controllers UNIT 4 A Indicating Instruments B Control Panels Control Based on Network and Information A Automation Networking Application Areas B Evolution of Control System Architecture PART 5 UNIT 1 UNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control Systems B Stability of NCSs with Network-induced Delay UNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database System B Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in Automation UNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated Manufacturing B Enterprise Resources Planning and Beyond Synthetic Applications of Automatic Technology A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine Drivers B System Evolution in Intelligent Buildings PART 6 UNIT 1 UNIT 2 A Industrial Robot B A General Introduction to Pattern Recognition UNIT 3 A Renewable Energy B Electric Vehicles UNIT 1 A

电路 2 电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器，电感器和电容器等元件组成。如果网络不包含能源，如电池或发电机，那么就被称作无源网络。换句话说，如果存在一个或多个能源，那么组合的结果为有源网络。在研究电网络的特性时，我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。因为网络由无源电路元件组成，所以必须首先定义这些元件的电特性。就电阻来说，电压-电流的关系由欧姆定律给出，欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。在数学上表达为： u=iR (1-1A-1)式中 u=电压，伏特；i =电流，安培；R =电阻，欧姆。纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中 di/dt =电流变化率，安培/秒； L =感应系数，享利。电容两端建立的电压正比于电容两极板上积累的电荷 q 。因为电荷的积累可表示为电荷增量 dq 的和或积分，因此得到的等式为 u=，式中电容量 C 是与电压和电荷相关的比例常数。由定义可知，电流等于电荷随时间的变化率，可表示为 i = dq/dt。因此电荷增量 dq 等于电流乘以相应的时间增量，或 dq = i dt，那么等式(1-1A-3)可写为式中 C =电容量，法拉。

Also the problems of stochastic controllability, observability and stability of the filter are studied, a simple observability criterion for the time-invariant systems is set up, error band of the filtering is given theoretically, and the filtering stability results are proved under more general conditions; besides, the filtering error caused by uncorrect mathematical models is analysed.

本文还研究了随机能控能观性及滤波的稳定性问题，建立了结构简单的平稳定常系统的能观性判据，在理论上给出了滤波算法的误差范围，在更一般的条件下证明了最优滤波算法的稳定性；并从理论上分析了模型误差对滤波产生的影响。

The controllability and observability of a system over F always means the controllability and observability of the system over the field R of real numbers.

一个F上的系统是能控能观的，即结构能控能观的，则意味着实数域上该系统实际上总是能控能观的。

Based on matrix disterbance theory, a new numerical calculation method to determine system observability of each state through system observability matrix sin gular value decomposition is proposed. This method is applied in flight trans fer alignment and integrated navigation filter design successfully.

提出了应用系统观测矩阵奇异值分解确定滤波器中各状态变量可观性强弱的一种方法，并在系统的飞行传递对准和组合导航滤波器的设计中得到了成功的应用。

Firstly, the recent developments in controllability and observability for switched system are reviewed. Secondly, by means of properties of invariant subspace, the controllability for switched systems with continuous-time and discrete-time subsystems, and a class of discrete impulsive switched systems is respectively investigated. Some sufficient and necessary conditions of controllability are proved. In the end, some simple criterions for controllability and observability of switched symmetric composite systems are set up.

首先介绍了切换系统能控性与能观性方面的一些重要结论；其次，用不变子空间的性质分别研究了同时含有连续子系统和离散子系统的切换系统和一类离散脉冲切换系统的能控性，建立了相应的充分性与必要性判别准则；最后，研究了切换对称组合系统的能控性与能观性，得到了此系统能控性与能观性的简单判据。

Then, based on the observability of SINS/GPS integrated system it has been concluded that the observability of the attitude errors of the integrated system is very poor, and the nonsingular condition of the obervability matrix has been given by means of the theoretical analysis.

首先建立起捷联惯导系统与全球定位系统相组合系统的数学模型，从研究SINS／GPS组合系统的可观测性出发，通过理论分析得出了组合系统姿态角误差可观测性很差的结论，并给出使可观测阵满秩的条件。

According to two factors between the observability and the stability in the paper, a practical phasor measurement unit configuration scheme based on weak voltage area surveillance and incomplete observability is proposed.

本文同时考虑系统可观测性和电压稳定性两方面因素，提出了一种基于电压薄弱区域监视的非完全可观测的同步相量测量单元配置方案。

And three main steps of all subspace algorithms are explored. First, using an LQ-decomposition, the projection of the row space of specific data Hankel matrices is calculated. Next, the SV-decomposition of the projection is calculated to directly lead to the observability matrices and a Kalman filter estimation of the state sequences. Last, the system matrices are extracted from the observability matrices and/or the estimated state sequences.

概括了子空间辨识算法的三个主要运算步骤：首先由LQ分解计算特定Hankel矩阵的行空间投影；再对该投影进行SVD，获取系统的可观测矩阵及状态序列的Kalman滤波器估计；最后由可观测矩阵和／或估计的状态序列确定系统矩阵。

The observability and degree of observability of initial alignment of SIS on moving base are all-around analyzed and studied.

对捷联惯性系统动基座初始对准的可观测性和可观测度进行了全面的分析和研究。

An Kalman filter positioning algorithm applied in "BeiDou" and INS integrated navigation system is proposed. then, the observability、controllability and stability of it is ratiocinated and analyzed. The observability of every state is analyzed.

针对北斗卫星定位系统和惯性导航系统设计组合导航卡尔曼滤波定位算法，接着对算法的可控性和可观性进行了分析，并分析了各个状态的可观测性；从稳定性的定义出发提出并推导了分析卡尔曼滤波器稳定性的方法，并用来分析了本文算法的稳定性和渐进稳定性。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。