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Chapter 4 is the most important chapter, the thesis analyzes the effects mechanism posed on competitiveness of trade-related industries by the environmental factors of all levels: which is to demonstrate the incentive mechanism of environmental standards, and the cost and product differentiating effects caused by internalization of environmental costs, and to demonstrate the booming of environment protection industry and the technical innovation, and also to demonstrate the obligating effects of different environmental standards, regional regulations and international treaties.

中观层面则列出贸易产业竞争力和中观环境因素的衡量方法，并对各个产业竞争力受环境的影响程度进行了关联分析。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。