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The results show that the Raman peaks of N-N and O-H stretching vibration in nitrogen hydrates are observed at 2322.4cm-1 and 3092.1cm-1, respectively, which are very similar to those in natural air clathrate hydrates.

结果表明，氮气水合物中的N-N和O-O键的拉曼峰分别为2322.4cm-1和 3092.1.8cm-1，与天然的空气水合物中的数据十分接近。

The Prince Bo o k 12 Ho w Ma n y Kin d s o f Milit a ry T e re Are h a n d C o n c e rn in g Me rc e n a ry So ld ie rs Having discoursed in particular on all the qualities of those principalities which at the beginning I proposed to reason about, having considered in some part the causes of their well-being and ill-being, and having shown the modes in which many have sought to acquire and hold them, it remains for me now to discourse generally on the offense and defense befitting each of those named.

第十二章 Book 12 第十二章军队的类型及雇佣兵在该书开端处我提出要对君主国的性质做一论述，现在业已以详尽的笔触阐述完了，而且还从某些方面讲到了导致了君主国兴衰的原因，并展示了许多君主夺取王权和巩固江山所采取的手段，现在剩下来该做的就是概括地论述以上提及的君主国攻伐和防御的事务了。

The four fluorescence peaks are generated separately by the combined actions of the methyl parathion and the acetone. In methyl parathion molecule, there are the transition of n electrons in nitryl, the transition of π electronic structure formed by the oxygen atom and the benzene ring and the transition of n electrons in P=O group. In acetone molecule, there is the transition of n electrons in C=O group.

分析得到，四处荧光峰分别是溶剂丙酮分子中C=O上的n电子跃迁、硝基上的n电子跃迁、甲基对硫磷分子中氧原子与苯环形成的大共轭π电子结构跃迁以及P=S上的n电子跃迁共同作用产生。

CH3OH could attack the phosphor atom in 1,3,2-dioxaphopholane of compiound (1) to give O-methyl O-hydroxyethyl-O-phthalimidoethyl thiophosphate in 85% yield; in the presence of potassium hydroxide aryl selenol could attack the carbon atom in 1,3,2-diox-aphopholane of the cyclic phospholipid conjugate of N^1-(2-furanidyl)-N^3--5-fluorouracil to give the corresponding product of ring-opening in high yields.

在室温下，以异丙醇作溶剂，苯硒酚与化合物2不反应。在氢氧化钾存在下，以异丙醇／水作溶剂（体积比20：1，在室温下，硒酚可以有效地进攻中化合物2中1，3，2-二氧磷杂环戊烷中的碳原子生成相应的开环产物。按照这一反应条件，顺利实现了硒酚对N^1-（2-呋喃基）-N^3-羟烷基-5-氟脲嘧啶硫代环甘油磷脂缀合物的亲核开环，生成甘油骨架的端碳原子上带有芳硒基新颖的磷脂核苷缀合物。

The experiments showed that polypeptides were formed by self-assembly of N, O- bis amino acids with the assistance of o-phenylene phosphoro- chloridate. Three steps were involved in the self organization reactions, i.

侧链无官能团的N，O-二-α-氨基酸在O，O-亚苯基磷酰氯辅助下能自组装得到系列2～n聚寡肽，其自组装成肽过程大致分为三步：氨基酸的活化、肽链的延长和链反应终止。

This work, concentrated on the asymmetric allylation of aldehydes controlled by different chiral auxiliaries prepared from rotational pure tartaric acid, can be divided into three parts.The first part aims to review the developments of chiral drugs and asymmetric synthesis, from which derived the present research topic backgrounds and works.Synthesis and applications of allylation from aldehydes are the second part of the thesis. By optimizing the reaction conditions, such as solvents, temperature, time and chiral auxiliaries like N,N\'-dibenzyl tartamide, N,N\'-p-dimethylphenyl tartamide, N,N\'-o-dimethylphenyl tartamide, N,N\'-o-dichlorophenyl tartamide, N,N\'-a-dinaphyl tartamide, N,N\'-dicyclohexyl tartamide and N,N\'-diphenyl tartamide, ideal experimenttal conditions are obtained according to HPLC monitoring, as well as the auxiliaries\' recoveries experiments. Starting from benzaldehyde and 3-bromopropaldehyde, N,N\'-dibenzyl tartamide is considered the best auxiliary in this reaction.

本文介绍了醛的不对称烯丙基化反应，以光学纯酒石酸为原料，研究了不同构型手性配体在醛的烯丙基化反应中的立体选择性，全文共分三部分十个章节：第一部分对当前手性药物和手性技术进行了概述，并由此展开了本文的研究背景和任务；第二部分为有机合成部分，对醛的不对称烯丙基化反应进行了深入探讨，以苯甲醛为原料对反应条件进行优化，在优化的反应条件下对制备的七种可回收手性酰胺配体(N-苄基酒石酸二酰胺、N-对甲苯基酒石酸二酰胺、N-邻甲苯基酒石酸二酰胺、N-邻氯苯基酒石酸二酰胺、N-a-萘基酒石酸二酰胺、N-环己基酒石酸二酰胺和N-苯基酒石酸二酰胺)进行筛选，优化配体回收实验条件，最终确定出N-苄基酒石酸二酰胺在苯甲醛的不对称烯丙基化反应中具有较大优越性，结晶回收的手性配体光学纯度保持不变。

Results The linear response range was 0.9420-18.84mg L^(-1)(r=0.9995), 1.190-23.79 mg L^(-1)(r=0.9995), 1.107-22.14 mgL^(-1)(r=0.9994), 56.78-1.136×10^3 mgL^(-1)(r=0.9990) and 0.6219-12.44 mgL^(-1)(r=0.9998), respectively (n=5). The average recoveries (n=9) of rutin, hyperin, isoquercitrin, 4, 5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside were 98.1%, 100.7%, 98.4%, 100.2% and 101.7%, respectively.

结果 芦丁、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、4，5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、异鼠李素－3-O-葡萄糖苷质量浓度分别在0.942~18.84mgL^(-1)(r=0.9995)、1.190~23.79mgL^(-1)(r=0.9995)、1.107~22.14mgL^(-1)(r=0.9994)、56.78~1.136×10^3 mgL^(-1)(r=0.9990)、0.6219~12.44mgL^(-1)(r=0.9998)内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(n=5)；方法回收率(n=9)分别为98.1%、100.7%、98.4%、100.2%、101.7%。

In order to check the corresponding compound at 31P NMR –45.4 ppm, stable pentacoordinate spirobicyclic 2-phenoxy-1,3-phenylene-dioxo-1,3,2-iminoacetoxyphosphoranes were synthesized through a new and efficient method whereby phosphorus pentachloride was displaced stepwise by catechol, N,O-bisamino acid and phenol, or catechol, phenol and N,O-bisamino acid, their 31P NMR chemical shifts are at about 31P NMR –45.0 ppm, the results showed that the compound 4 at 31P NMR –45.4 ppm was pentacoordinate phosphorane containing amino acid residue.

采用磷谱跟踪来研究上述成肽反应机理。例如在氮气保护下，0.1mmol O，O-亚苯基磷酰氯（1）和0.15mmol N，O-二苯丙氨酸（2）苯溶液加入0.6ml核磁管中，混合均匀，反应过程用磷谱检测。反应1分钟后，起始原料1(δp=19ppm)很快转变成N-磷酰苯丙氨酸的三甲基硅基酯（3）(δp=19.8ppm)，在8分钟内，3完全转变成苯丙氨酸磷烷4(δp =-45.4ppm)，同时出现环磷三酯（6）(δp=3.5ppm)。随着反应的进行，对应于化合物4的峰逐渐变小，而6逐渐变大。

In the case of Li, the γ-peak (nitrate and nitrite species on surface) of NO desorption increases, the intermediate N〓O desorbs at higher temperature. In the case of Ce, the α-peak (species on the 〓 acidic sites) of NO desorption decreases, and N〓O desorbs at lower temperature.

对NO吸附在催化剂表面的TPD谱进行了分析，观察到催化剂中加入Li或Ce助剂后，NO的脱附峰面积，脱附峰形状都有明显的变化，Li的加入使NO脱附的γ峰(表面硝酸盐亚硝酸盐物种)明显增加，中间物N〓O脱附温度增高；Ce的加入使NO脱附的α峰减小，而N〓O的脱附温度降低。

Second,α,β-unsaturated nitriles were synthesized by three kinds of methods., all the reactions of N-methylhydroxylamine, O-methylhydroxylamine, N-benzylhydroxylamine and O-benzylhydroxylamine withα,β-unsaturated nitriles were carried out, under different temperatures and different solvents. But no desired products were found, though some catalysis were also added.

在不同温度、不同溶剂的条件下，用所合成的α，β-不饱和腈与N-甲基羟胺、N-苄基羟胺、O-甲基羟胺和O-苄基羟胺分别进行反应，没有得到期望的产物，尝试加入了一些催化剂，也没有得到产物。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。