查询词典 numerical method

The revised Hargraves formula has the best result compared with Penman-Monteith formula, the average relative error is 6%, moreover, Hargaves method requiring the least data in calculating ETo, so this method has the high actual application value; The following are Radiation method and Blaney-Criddle method ; The worst is the Pan method, even after revised, the highest and average relative error is 36% and 10%, respectively. So, in this study, Penman-Monteith method, Radiation method, Blaney-Criddle method and Hargraves method are used except Pan method.

在这四种方法中，修正后的Hargraves方法与彭曼—蒙特斯方法的计算结果符合最好，其平均相对误差为6％，而Hargraves方法需要的气象数据只有计算时段的最高、最低温度，该方法具有较高的实际应用价值；辐射方法和布兰尼—克里德尔方法次之；蒸发皿方法最差，即使在修正后，E601型蒸发皿的最大误差也高达36％，平均为10％，所以在预报系统的研究设计中采用了除蒸发皿方法之外的四种方法。

In addition, depending on the method of numerical simulation and theoretical analyses, some kinematic and geometric features of 0° involute—enveloping worm gear drive, such as meshing surface, first—type limit, second —type limit, worm surface, the numerical representation of contact line and bearing contact, are systematically studied. These relevant conclusions provide an important basis for the design and manufacture of new type worm gear set. As we predict, the method of numerical simulation has special effect in solving the question of complex conjugate surface.

综合利用仿真方法与解析手段，对0°渐开线包络蜗杆传动的啮合面、一类界限、蜗杆齿面构成、仿真接触线及仿真接触域等运动几何学特性进行了系统研究，有关结论为此种新型蜗杆副的设计与加工提供了重要基础，并且显示出数字仿真方法在研究复杂共轭曲面问题时所具有的特殊功效。

A simulation-based numerical analysis method of EDD scheme, which is proposed in this thesis, can solve this problem successfully. The consistence between numerical analysis and simulation result strongly proves that the proposed numerical analysis method is correct.

本文提出了一种"基于计算机仿真的各优先级业务信元时延分布"数值分析方法，与计算机仿真结果的基本吻合证明了此方法的正确性。

According to the properties of Wiener increments and the independent relation between the Wiener increments and the numerical solutions, the difference equation obtained by applying the numerical method to the general linear test equation is studied carefully in mean square sense and the conditions under which the numerical method is MS-stable and GMS-stable are determined.

依据维纳增量的性质以及维纳增量和数值解间的独立关系在均方意义下详细分析了数值方法应用到线性试验方程上得到的差分方程，并进一步确定了半隐式Milstein方法MS-稳定和GMS-稳定的条件。

Numerical integral method is applied in this paper to study this problem, hoping to provide a reliable, yet simple numerical model for the application in the ocean disposal of waster water.Compared with other numerical model, momentum integral method is simple.

其思想是建立在流动自相似假定的基础上，使流动的控制微分方程简化成常微分方程，并以边界条件使方程封闭，从而结合定解条件来预报浮射流的流动特性，如流速和浓度的分稚规律。

This enriched and developed the basic thought of numerical theory, resolved the bottleneck problem that astricts the development of numerical value analysis method, open up a new field for the geomechanic engineering application of 3-D network and numerical value analysis method, it's an available and essential attempt, it's also a necessary trend of numeric times development.

10通过岩体三维节理网络模拟，建立岩体结构的概化模型，基于数值法对岩体进行大量的&数值模拟试验&，获取岩体变形参数，丰富并拓展了数值模拟理论的基本思想，解决了选择岩体参数这一束缚数值分析方法发展的瓶颈问题，为数值分析方法和三维节理网络在岩土工程实践中的应用拓展了一片新的天地，是一种有益而且非常必要的尝试，也是数字时代发展的必然趋势，具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。

In this dissertation the"Penalty"finite element method was employed to compute the velocity of the three-dimensional flow of power-law fluid in a profile die. In order to decrease the needed computer memory and raise the stability of numerical simulation, a set of decoupled methods such as PFEM, pseudo-body force method and transformation of momentum equation to the elliptic equation was developed to establish the general finite element equations to compute the distributions of velocity and viscoelastic stress of the three-dimensional viscoelastic flow of the Phan ThienTanner fluid in a profile die. During numerical simulation of the extrudate swell of the PTT fluid, the flow in the die and out of the die was analyzed separately, which demands less computer memory. The key techniques used in numerical simulation of the three-dimensional extrusion from dies such as decision of boundary conditions, creation of initial velocity field, selection of penalty factor, high Weissenberg number problem , regeneration of the free surface were studied in detail.

中文题名聚合物异型材口模挤出三维流动研究副题名外文题名 Study on three-dimensional flow of polymer melts during the process of profile extrusion from dies 论文作者涂志刚导师柳和生包忠诩教授学科专业材料加工工程研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位南昌大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数148页关键词挤出成型聚合物材料挤出口模聚合物异型材馆藏号BSLW /2003 /TQ320 /9 本文建立了求解挤出口模内幂律流体流动速度场的通用三维罚有限元模型；对于非线性粘弹性的Phan Thien-Tanner流体，为了降低模拟计算对计算机硬件的要求，并使模拟计算更加稳定，采用了一种去耦算法，包括罚有限元方法、拟体力方法和动量方程的椭圆类方程转化方法，并建立了求解速度场和粘弹性应力场的总体有限元方程；对于PTT流体的挤出胀大问题，提出了挤出胀大熔体口模内外分离模拟法，这样可以显著降低数值模拟对计算机硬件的要求。

By using accelerating Aitken method in iterative method of nonlinear equations, a new modified method is given. The method is applied to modified Newton method, thereby a new method is developed, which is faster and stable. Also, its algorithm is given. Numerical results show that the new method is very efficient.

通过对非线性方程组的迭代法引入Aitken加速技术，设计了一种非线性方程组的迭代解法的加速方法；将该方法与M步Newton法相结合，得到一种收敛速度快而且计算稳定的方法，并给出了具体算法；数值结果表明了新算法是有效的。

The astringency, error and stability of the numerical method are researched. Zero matrix method, constant matrix method, and Jacobian matrix method are constructed in order to improve numerical precision and efficiency.

研究了所提数值计算方法的误差、稳定性、收敛性等数学性质，在计算精度和计算效率两方面提出了一些改进措施，构造了零矩阵法、常数矩阵法、雅可比矩阵法等计算格式。

In this paper, the theory, algorithm, and experiment of automatic object detection and tracking are studied in depth. It is firstly pointed out that the essential of Mean Shift method is a special Newton-Gaussian method. A new method named Fast Mean Shift is established to stretch the conservative step of Mean Shift method. The convergence and validity of this new method are proved in theory. And it is also proved that the convergence speed of Fast Mean Shift is faster than that of Mean Shift. The contrast experiments of searching the maximum possibility density of random of data sets in plane and 3D space are done. The results show that this new method can reduce the iterations greatly. A new object tracking method based on Fast Mean Shift is built to improve the object tracking performance, which is shown in the face tracking experiment with the tennis sequence provided by the Ohio State University, and the car tracking experiment with the car sequence provided by Kalsruhe University. The face trcking experiment with highly noised images show that the object tracking method based on Fast Mean Shift has strong anti-jamming ability. A new fast color object detection technology based on characteristic color is established, which use characteristic color distribution to compute the characteristic color vector of any area in an image quickly. With the high performance search method, the fast object detection is achieved. At last, using object tracker based on Fast Mean Shift and color object detector based on characteristic color with the Kalman filter, PID controller, searial communication and other technologies, automatic object detection and tracking system with control system is built. The availability and anti-jamming ability of this system are verified by some object detection and tracking tests in different scenes.

本文对目标自动识别与跟踪进行了理论、计算、试验三方面的深入研究，主要包括：首次指出了目标跟踪技术中常用的均值迁移方法的本质为一种特殊的高斯-牛顿方法，改进了均值迁移方法步长取值保守的弱点，建立了快速均值迁移方法，证明了该方法的收敛性、有效性以及收敛速度优于均值迁移方法；进行了平面和3维随机分布数据集的最大概率密度搜索对比试验，试验结果表明，快速均值迁移方法大大减少了迭代次数；建立了基于快速均值迁移的目标跟踪方法，利用俄亥俄州立大学提供的乒乓球序列图像和卡斯鲁厄大学的汽车序列图像，对人脸和汽车目标跟踪性能分别进行了对比试验，并进行了高噪声人脸图像目标跟踪试验，结果表明，基于快速均值迁移的目标跟踪方法有效提高了目标跟踪性能，具有很强的抗干扰能力；建立了一种新型彩色目标自动识别方法，采用特征色彩分布函数实现了对任意图像区域特征色彩矢量的快速计算，建立了高效的搜索方法，实现了彩色目标的快速识别；将基于快速均值迁移方法的目标跟踪方法、基于特征色彩的目标识别方法与卡尔曼滤波、PID控制、串行通讯等技术结合，建立了带有控制系统的快速目标自动识别与跟踪系统，并在不同场景下进行了目标自动识别与跟踪试验，验证了快速目标自动识别与跟踪系统的有效性和抗干扰能力。

The dissecting of samples in group2 were difficult. The root of pulmonary artery and ascending aorta failed to be unfolded because fibrous tissue was tough, right and left fibrous trigone were too firm to be solved by hand. Cardiac muscle fibers couldn't be stripped along myofibrillar trajectory since they were prone to break because of their friability.

组2的心脏解剖困难，表现为纤维组织坚韧，游离肺动脉非常困难；徒手无法松解左、右纤维三角，肺动脉和主动脉根部的游离非常困难；心肌纤维坚硬、质脆，解剖时容易断离成碎块，无法沿纤维走行方向剥离。

We have battled against the odds in a province that has become increasingly violent.

我们对在一个争夺日益激烈省的可能性。