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Fragments from the 239th to the 944th nucleotide of the coding regions of all actin mRNAs were amplified with two actin specific primers. Fragments from the 239th nucleotide of the coding region to the end of actin mRNAs were also amplified The electrophoresis results were compared between the macropterous and brachypterous brown planthoppers.

利用两条肌动蛋白特异性引物，扩增出了肌动蛋白基因mRNA的编码区片段，另外，将肌动蛋白特异性引物作为上游引物，将与3'锚定反转录引物部分序列相同的引物作为下游引物，扩增出了从肌动蛋白基因mRNA的编码区第239号碱基到Poly尾的这段cDNA，并在翅型之间作了比较。

In order to direct the construction of plant germplasms by elucidating the relatives among plants at the level of gene, CYP86MF gene analogues from 11 species of 6 genera in Cuciferae were respectively obtained by PCR strategy using gene specific primers designed from conserved regions of CYP86MF gene reported. Sequence comparisonindicated that the similarities among the genes at nucleotide level were over 80%, and the similarities at amino acid level remained above 70%. The differences between the genes at nucleotide and amino acid level between species were 1.0%~ 5.7% and 2.6%~ 7.3% respectively, while those between genera 5.6%~ 22.5% and 7.3%~ 31.2%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Brassica was closely related to Raphanus, followed by Rorippa Scop, Arabidopsis Heynh, Capsella Medic orderly, most distantly related to Orychophrogmus.

为了从分子水平阐明十字花科植物间的亲缘进化关系，给植物种质资源的创建提供理论依据，试验根据课题组已报道的CYP86MF基因编码的氨基酸保守区域设计特异引物，运用PCR技术分别从十字花科6个属11个物种中分离克隆到了CYP86MF基因的同源序列，经比较分析，结果表明：这些同源序列的相似性达80%以上，所推导的氨基酸序列相似性达70%以上，且两者种间差异分别为1.0%~ 5.7%和2.6%~ 7.3%，属间差异分别是5.6%~ 22.5%和7.3%~ 31.2%；由氨基酸序列构建的分子系统树可知，在亲缘进化关系上芸薹属与萝卜属较近，其他依次为蔊菜属、拟南芥属、荠菜属，而与诸葛菜属最远。

The nucleotide sequence of Cervus nippon FSH-β subunit was compared with other animals. It had the highest homology among Cervus nippon, sheep, goat and bovine in nucleotide sequence, which reached 92％~93％. There were 24~30 nucleotides difference among them.

将梅花鹿FSH-β亚基基因核苷酸序列与其它动物相比，结果显示梅花鹿与绵羊、山羊、牛的同源性最高，达到92％~93％，它们之间有24~30个核苷酸不同。

The number of synonymous nucleotide substitutionper synonymous site and the number of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution per nonsynonymous site of cytb gene among Clupeidae fishes were calculated.

但单系类群I(包括大西洋鲱、太平洋鲱、欧洲黍鲱)和单系类群Ⅱ(包括欧洲沙丁鱼、加州沙丁鱼、南美拟沙丁鱼、斑点盖纹沙丁鱼)之间的系统发育关系尚不明确，因为它们之间的支持率很低。

AY452490, AY452491, AY452492, AY452493, AY452494 and AY452495, respectively. Based on the analysis of nucleotide sequence homology in phylogenetic rRNA repeating gene family sequences from Siniperca chuatsi, human, Norway Rat, Tetraoden nigroviridis, oreochromis esculentus, cyprinus carpio and oncorhynchus mykiss, the pairwise nucleotide sequence homology of 18S, 5.8S, 28S, ITS1 and ITS2 among 7 organisms were separately showed to be 91.2-98.6%, 95.0-100%, 87.2-92.8%, 6.8-62.9% and

同时，将鳜鱼rRNA重复基因家族序列与人、挪威鼠、鲀鱼、罗非鱼、镜鲤和虹鳟之间的序列分别进行同源性与进化关系分析，发现18S、5.8S、28S、ITS1和ITS2的同源性分别在91.2 98.6％、95.0 100％、87.2 92.8％、4.9 62.9％和11.9 64.0％之间；并获得了它们之间的进化关系树。

In coding region of CBF4, SNP frequency is 1 SNP per 96.4 bp, one nonsynonymous mutation was detected from 25 av、203 av and 244 av accessions, which is the 205th site amino acid variation: glynval caused by the 1034th site (corresponding to 19696 site nucleotide of GenBank No.AB015478 as 1) nucleotide variation : GnT.

在编码区，SNP的频率为每96.4 bp一个SNP，其中发现25 av、203 av和244 av 3个生态型CBF4基因区域1034位(以GenBank登录号AB015478序列第19696位的核苷酸为1)碱基变化：GnT，引起第205位氨基酸变化：glynval。

All kinds of these study results, including analyzing the nucleotide composition, the amino acid composition, the nucleotide diversity, the synonymous and the nonsynonymous, the transition and the transvertion, the frequencies of the codon used, the construction (including four stems and four loops) of tRNAleu,the phylogeny,suggest that great distinctness present among the genera and small difference even none among species.

在各种分析中(包括核苷酸基本组成分析；氨基酸基本组成分析；核苷酸多样性分析；非同义替代和同义替代分析；密码子使用频率分析；转换与颠换分析；tRNAleu基因的四臂四环二级结构分析；&翻译启始&和&翻译终止&在进化过程中的变化；系统发育分析)，属间的差异相当明显，而种间差异很小甚至是没有任何不同之处。

Comparing the nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA gene and ribosomal protein gene, we could find that these two strains have the highest homology of 99.4% and 99.8%, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA gene for the CWB-YN strain shared higher homology (98.5%,98.9% and 98.0%) with phytoplasma strains in Tomato big bug 16SrI-A group, Western aster yellow (16SrI-B group and Clover phyllody (16SrI-C group). But it is obviously under 97.0% with other phytoplasma groups. The CWB-GZh strain shared higher homology (98.7%,99.1% and 98.3%) with phytoplasma strains in Tomato big bug(16SrI-A group ),Western aster yellow (16SrI-B group) and Clover phyllody (16SrI-C group).

苦楝丛枝病植原体云南株系与其它组16S rRNA基因序列的同源率进行比较，结果与16SrI-A组中的番茄巨芽病植原体(Tomato big bug，BB)、16SrI-B组中的西方翠菊黄化病植原体(Western aster yellow，SAY)和16SrI-C组中的三叶草变病植原体(Clover phyllody，CPh)同源率达最高，分别为98.5%、98.9%和98.0%，而与其它组的植原体16S rRNA基因序列的同源率均低于95%；苦楝丛枝病植原体贵州株系与16Sr I-A组的番茄巨芽病植原体(Tomato big bug，BB)、16Sr I-B组的西方翠菊黄化病植原体(Western aster yellow， SAY)和16SrI-C组中的三叶草变叶病植原体(Clover phyllody，CPh)的同源率达最高，分别为98.7%、99.1%和98.3%。

The partial sequence of Trionyx sinensis 5S rRNA determined contained only one nucleotide residue different from that of Terrapene carolina 5S rRNA and had three different nucleotide residues compared with that of rat 5S rRNA.

部分序列的测定表明它与Terrapene carolina的5S rRNA序列仅有一个碱基的差异，而与大鼠的5S rRNA序列则有三个碱基的差异。

The association of microsatellites in rice orphan and non-orphan genes was computed and censused. The result showed: rice has 28532 orphan genes, which accounts for 50.9％, and 27524 non-orphan genes, which accounts for 49. 1％; the microsatellite content in orphan genes is significantly higher than in non-orphan genes; in constitution, tri-nucleotide microsatellite content in ether orphan genes or non-orphan genes exceeds 50％, while the total tri-nucleotide microsatellite content in orphan genes accounts for 68％ and that in non-orphan genes accounts for 58％, of total microsatellites.

对微卫星在水稻孤儿基因与非孤儿基因之间的关系进行了计算和统计分析，结果表明：水稻孤儿基因总数为28532条序列，占50.9％，而非孤儿基因为27524条，占49.1％；孤儿基因中微卫星含量明显高于非孤儿基因；在组成上，不论在孤儿基因还是在非孤儿基因中，三核苷酸微卫星的含量都超过了50％，孤儿基因中的含量为68％，明显高于非孤儿基因的58％。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。