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In 80's, compare with"enlighten literature", she broke the chain of left thought and the collectively recount of the new period literature. She carried out the triumph of individual to community by using enlightening aesthetic displacement. In 90's, Tie Ning constructed true literature on intellectual edge-guard stance."new-realistic novel"sink into puzzlement . She acquired brief balance of modernity recount; In new century,"new historical novel"slinked into the predicament of"the epic turn"in escaping"great narrative". Tie Ning constructed the intellectual modernity narrative by fusing daily life and enlighten narrative.

论文通过铁凝与新时期的&新启蒙文学&、&新写实小说&、&新历史小说&对比研究发现：在80年代，铁凝继承了鲁迅的&立人&思想，冲破了&极左&思想的束缚和新时期文学的&集体叙事&，以对启蒙理性的审美置换实现了个体对群体的穿越和超越；90年代铁凝以知识分子的&边缘和守卫&的姿态建构着真善美的文学，避免陷入&新写实小说&的理性主体的缺失和道德理想消解的审美现代性困境，获得现代性叙事的短暂平衡；新世纪，铁凝在启蒙叙事和日常生活叙事的完美融合中建构起崭新的知识分子现代性叙事，为后革命时期建构宏大叙事提供了思想资源和审美表达的借鉴。

Century is the times that novel just upraises , as the fictitious story of a kind of prose body, the novel of now does not become yet " art ", must not seemingly also mount the hall of elegance.

这部作品的&散文体滑稽史诗&特色，独特的叙述手法以及其幽默的喜剧氛围，都为小说创作提供了具有开创意义的先例。

We further investigated the mechanism of VFAs production. Results revealed that this novel process could reduce the inhibitory effect of VFAs on the acid-forming microorganisms, and the total VFAs yield and the removal ratio of organic solids respectively depended on the first stage and the third stage of this novel process.

进一步分析多级逆流工艺产酸的机制，发现产酸效率的提高在于降低了发酵产物对厌氧产酸细菌的抑制效应，并且工艺的VFAs产率以及有机质去除率分别取决于第一级和第三级厌氧发酵过程。

Most of water-soluble cyanine dyes have -SO3H and –COOH in their molecules, which will influence the biomolecules' functional characters. A new kind of water-soluble cyanine dyes with several cations in molecules were designed and synthesized, preparation conditions of intermediate and dyes were researched and optimized, the yield of dye is 25%. The novel kind of cyanine dye are water-soluble , spectrum characters was researched , all the dyes were charactered by 1H NMR and TOF-MS, spectrum in different solvent of novel dyes were focused on, one of the kind dyes show higher fluorescence quantum yield than the result reported. Because of several cations in the structure, it is promising when used in DNA assay and other bio-assay field.

大多数水溶性的菁类荧光染料分子结构中都带有-SO3H和-COOH等基团，过多的阴离子的引入容易造成对生物分子的功能属性的影响，本论文设计并合成了分子结构中带有多个正电荷的水溶性的一类新型菁染料，考察并且研究了中间体和染料的合成条件，最终的目标产物产率达到25％，染料通过了质谱和核磁的表征，新型的染料具有良好的水溶性，研究了新染料在多种溶剂的的光谱性质，其中一种染料的在水中的荧光量子产率比文献报道得到了提高，由于富集了正电荷，这类菁染料在DNA标记等生物中有一定应用前景。

Azobenzene functionalized polyelectrolytes and polyamphiphiles are novel functional polymers with many interesting characteristics such as the photo-responsive properties based on the photo-induced cis-trans isomerization, the ability to build up ordered supramolecular structure, and the sensitivity to the environmental stimuli. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the rules that control the formation of ordered structures from the azo polyelectrolytes and polyamphiphiles based on the supramolecular interaction, to explore the relationships between the material functionality and the supramolecular self-assembled structures at different levels, and to establish the methods for producing novel materials with potential applications in photonic and electronic areas.

中文题名光响应性偶氮聚电解质自组装及超分子结构的研究副题名外文题名 Self-assembly and supramolecular structure of photoresponsive azo polyelectrolytes 论文作者庹新林导师刘德山教授学科专业材料学研究领域\研究方向高分子材料学位级别博士学位授予单位清华大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数162页关键词聚电解质超分子结构自组装偶氮聚电解质馆藏号BSLW /2003 /O631 /38 偶氮聚电解质和两亲性偶氮聚合物是一类新颖的功能性聚合物，同时具有偶氮苯基团的光响应性、聚电解质和两亲性聚合物在适当条件下形成各种有序结构及其结构对周围环境具有敏感响应性等特点。

The novel 《Song of Solomon》,whose author is good at using black people' folklore and legend to romance the production, making the novel with mystery color, it made the antique legend " black people can fly" act as a down-lead, made the realistic and myth melt together, put up more great national cultural color.

作者擅长用黑人民间传说和童话来渲染作品，《所罗门之歌》用&黑人会飞&的古老传说作为全书的引线，使作者要阐述的现实和神话融合在一起，表现出极为浓郁的民族色彩。

It analyzes the structure feature of all parts in the novel grinder and motion principles, which establish the base for producing the drill grinder. The research on grinding mechanism and development of the novel drill grinder fill the blank at home and abroad, which will bring large economic and social benefits.

新刃磨原理的研究和新型钻头刃磨机的研制，填补了国内的空白，类似原理的刃磨机国外也未见报导，将带来较大的经济效益与社会效益。

This thesis analyzes the drill grinding methods and the grinding mechanism of the novel drill, and studies how to grind the novel drill conveniently and high efficiently. Then a special drill grinder with new mechanism is developed.

分析了钻头刃磨方法和新刃形钻头的刃磨原理，研究如何方便、高效地磨出所提出的新钻型，在此基础上进行了新原理专用钻头刃磨机的研制。

This paper analyzes some of the folk songs, idioms and popular adages which appear in the novel and discusses the effect of the kind of dialogues used on the portrayal of the characters in a novel.

本文分析了小说引用的民歌、成语和俗语，并论述了人物口语对塑造人物形象的作用。

This thesis observes and studies the changes in the narration of the swordsmen popular novels in the 1930s and 1949s, and taking as an example the two works fashionable at time during the Republic of China period-Xiang Kairan"s swordsmen popular novel Legend of Wandering Remarkable Swordsmen and Gong Baiyu"s swordsmen popular novel story of Joint Darters, examines and discusses the evolution of narrative modes.

本论文考察在三四十年代武侠通俗小说的叙事的变迁，以民国时期风靡一时的两部作品—向恺然的武侠通俗小说《江湖奇侠传》和宫白羽的武侠通俗小说《联镖记》为例，检讨叙事方式的演进。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。