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to reduce the impact of carrier frequency offset in ofdm system,this thesis designs a new carrier frequency offset estimation scheme for ofdm system.the carrier frequency offset estimation includes acquisition and tracking.we adopt variable step size adaptive algorithm.the acquisition range of the proposed algorithm is as large as one half of the overall signal bandwidth.through this method we can not only avoid the feedback by using forward error correction,but also reduce the times of complex multiplication in order to reduce the power consumption of the system.this algorithm not only has low complexity and fast convergence nut also can improve the demodulation performance of ofdm system.computer simulation illustrates the superior performance of the proposed algorithm with regard to estimation accuracy in both awgn channel and multi—path channel.

摘 要：为了减小正交频分复用系统受频率偏差的影响，在ofdm系统中设计了一种新的载波频偏估计算法。频偏估计包括跟踪和捕获两个阶段，文中采用变步长自适应算法来进行跟踪，这个跟踪算法的捕捉范围是整个信号带宽的一半。通过此方法，不但可以利用前向纠错的方式来避免反馈，而且可以缩减复数乘法的次数以降低计算复杂度和系统功耗。该方法运算复杂度低，并具有较好的收敛性，能改善odfm的解调性能。从计算机的仿真效果可以看出无论是在awgn信道上还是在多径信道上都表现出了卓越的性能。

With regard to the scope of subject matter of lien, it includes not only personal property, but also real property and valuable instruments which possess characteristicics of personal property; contains not noly merchantable things, but also prohibited merchantable things and limited merchantable things, chapter III is about question of deadiline of lien, lien isnt invalid as prescription of quaranteed obligatory right completes ,but lienor possesses the fruits odf subject matter of lien, because of his occupying cubject matter of lien, because of his occapying subject matter of lien.therefore lien is different from mortgage, is without excluded period.

然后，第二章，针对我国留置权适用范围、留置物范围限缩的现实，提出了留置权不仅即适用除原规定的几类合同〔加工、运输、保管、行纪上，也应适用于无因管理等准合同关系中；而在留置物范围上，即应包括动产，也应当包括不动产和具有动产特定的有价证券；即包括流通物，也包括不可流通物与限制流通物。第三章是关于留置权时效、期限的问题。

Recent-year studies demonstrate that wax consists of not only high-molecular-weight normal alkane, hut also isoalkane, naphthene and olefin; and the origin of wax is not only from high plant, but also lower hydrobiont and lacustrine algae which are as important contributors to the wax.

并认为蜡不仅仅源于高等植物，低等水生生物和湖相藻类对蜡也是重要贡献者。南阳凹陷原油含蜡量高达40%~60%，烃源岩有机质以偏腐殖的混合型为主。

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

But originally,we had not such kind of superstrong concrete technology,onsy used asphalt concrete to fill it as temporary filling.This could not solved concrete damaged problem,asphalt soften polluted the airplane tires,event to eh plane body.At the same time,floor and running road were also suffered from blace asphalt.This not only caused internal airline company unsatisafction,but also the external airline opinions.

便于工作原来没有如此超早强的混凝土技术，只能用沥青混凝土不断临时填充，这不仅不能彻底解决混凝土破损问题，而且在夏天沥青软化污染了飞机轮胎，甚至溅到机身上，同时停机坪及跑道内也到处是黑色的沥青痕迹/这不仅引起了国内航空公司的不满，而且国外航空公司也有意见。

I hope that every winter there has a heating even on the street .So I do not have to wear very thick, that's not handsome, but you must wear very thick; I hope that when I am shopping, there will be a thing I want to buy it for you; I hope that when you nightmares, I just next to you and I also hope that when I can not sleep but you can slept well at my side; I hope that when you miss me, you will send messages to me, call me, or come to see me by plane, I will be very happy; I hope I can hug you every day; I hope we don't do the cold war; I hope you will always envy for me ; I hope every day I can help you to blow-dry your wet hair after washing, and I hope I can clip your nailswe after we together; I hope we use the same perfume, I hope your body is all my taste; I hope you miss me most of the time, even when working ; I hope when you sick only I take care of you, other people bug off; I hope that the days I love you, you also love me, and this day will never gone; I hope accompany whit you to the end of the world and the end of the time; I hope you really love me.

我希望每一个冬天里，连大街上都有暖气，我就不用穿很厚，那样不帅，但你要穿得很厚；我希望每一次逛街的时候，都会有一件东西，让我觉得想要买给你；我希望你做噩梦的时候，我正好在你旁边，也希望我睡不着的时候，能看着你在我身边睡得很熟；我希望你想我的时候能发短信给我，打电话给我，或者坐飞机来找我，我一定会非常开心；我希望可以每天都能抱你；我希望我们不要冷战；我希望你经常为我吃醋；我希望能每天都帮你吹干你洗后湿漉漉的头发，我希望我们在一起之后都由我来帮你剪指甲；我希望我们两个用一样的香水，我希望你身上都是我的味道；我希望你每天的大部分时间都用来想我，哪怕在工作的时候也在想我；我希望你生病的时候就只有我在照顾你，其它人都给我滚。

So I do not have to wear very thick, that's not handsome, but you must wear very thick; I hope that when I am shopping, there will be a thing I want to buy it for you; I hope that when you nightmares, I just next to you and I also hope that when I can not sleep but you can slept well at my side; I hope that when you miss me, you will send messages to me, call me, or come to see me by plane, I will be very happy; I hope I can hug you every day; I hope we don't do the cold war; I hope you will always envy for me ; I hope every day I can help you to blow-dry your wet hair after washing, and I hope I can clip your nailswe after we together; I hope we use the same perfume, I hope your body is all my taste; I hope you miss me most of the time, even when working ; I hope when you sick only I take care of you, other people bug off; I hope that the days I love you, you also love me, and this day will never gone; I hope accompany whit you to the end of the world and the end of the time; I hope you really love me.

我希望每一个冬天里，连大街上都有暖气，我就不用穿很厚，那样不帅，但你要穿得很厚；我希望每一次逛街的时候，都会有一件东西，让我觉得想要买给你；我希望你做噩梦的时候，我正好在你旁边，也希望我睡不着的时候，能看着你在我身边睡得很熟；我希望你想我的时候能发短信给我，打电话给我，或者坐飞机来找我，我一定会非常开心；我希望可以每天都能抱你；我希望我们不要冷战；我希望你经常为我吃醋；我希望能每天都帮你吹干你洗后湿漉漉的头发，我希望我们在一起之后都由我来帮你剪指甲；我希望我们两个用一样的香水，我希望你身上都是我的味道；我希望你每天的大部分时间都用来想我，哪怕在工作的时候也在想我；我希望你生病的时候就只有我在照顾你，其它人都给我滚。

A boy has not only a full 1,131 word paper under pressure in the first line of hot, Let the girls had a heated arguments and excitements,"Dear, Please allow me to make but I will not take. reason you would not take. computer typing has always followed the procedures for the mess Even now, I want to cry fingers to the keyboard finishing procedures you left your keys, I forgot to save his legs always run back to your door Cool You love to travel in the city have often lost their eyes to you the way I want to save each month coming at you always body cool. Even now, I would also stomach pain in the lower abdomen palm warmth you go out you do not love me, I worried that you would Autistic footer to save up your mouth lonely eyes to you always focus on those who laid waste to a computer is not very good so I want to make You Are Old alive to help you trim your fingernails Because of the hair you pulled out of your hand at the seaside beach enjoying the beautiful sunshine and soft tell you a blossoming flower colors … youth like you in the face and I am not sure that was more than I love you before I do not want to take. Raney spent…"(crystal flower girls teardrop shape on paper), Ma Jing tears, girls continue to look down :"Dear if you have read the answer even let you satisfied so I was standing right outside the door you put your hands favorite eating milk bread…"girls opened the door to see his face tense with bread like a child will only shake her hand in front of Asahara……………… I think this is a love of life, or when the siege was happy calm some extraordinary passion and romantic love always be eager to overlook the heart Oi!

女孩的心顿时灰了下来……………………早晨醒来，男孩已经不在只有一张写满字的纸压在温热的牛奶杯下第一行，就让女孩的心凉透了「亲爱的，我不会去摘但请容许我陈述不去摘的理由你只会用电脑打字却总把程序弄得一塌糊涂然后对着键盘哭我要留着手指给你整理程序你出门总是忘记带钥匙我要留着双脚跑回来给你开门酷爱旅游的你在自己的城市里都常常迷路我要留着眼睛给你带路每月光临时你总是全身冰凉，还肚子疼我要留着掌心温暖你的小腹你不爱出门我担心你会患上自闭症我要留着嘴巴躯赶你的寂寞你总是盯者电脑眼睛给糟蹋得已不是太好了我要好好活着等你老了给你修剪指甲帮你拔掉让你懊恼的白发拉着你的手在海边享受美好的阳光和柔软的沙滩告诉你一朵朵花的颜色像你青春的脸…所以在我不能确定有人比我更爱你以前我不想去摘那朵花…」（女孩泪滴在纸上形成晶莹的花朵）抹净眼泪，女孩继续往下看：「亲爱的如果你已经看完了答案还让你满意的话请你开门吧我正站在门外手里提着你最喜欢吃的鲜奶面包…」女孩拉开门看见他的脸紧张得像个孩子只会把拧着面包的手在她眼前晃………………我想这就是爱情或者生活被幸福平静的包围时一些平凡的爱意总被渴望激情和浪漫的心忽略爱！

Flower outstanding reputation, in addition to the organizational structure of native flowers, but also the structure of aquatic organizations, to enable them to long-term growth in the water, not water culture flower planting soil, application of chemical fertilizers do not, can not only realize flowers water culture, but also to achieve vegetables, fruit crops such as water culture.

花卉名声在外，除了土生花卉的组织结构，也有水生的结构组织，使其能够在水中长期生长，水培花卉种植不用土、不施化学肥料，不仅可以实现花卉的水培，还可实现蔬菜、水果等农作物的水培。

Paediatricians have been able to say that 85 percent, while the remaining 15 percent 42 days after the review could also have been most, only a very few children have problems, but I was very scared, I do not know is not even out Mody problems during pregnancy, I did not take medicine, but also, I and her husband's family did not deaf.

儿科医生说百分之八十五都能过，剩下的百分之十五42天复查后大多也能过，只有极个别的孩子有问题，但我心里很害怕，不知是不是出了什麽问题，可我怀孕时并没有吃药，而且，我和老公的家庭中也没有聋哑人。

Finally, according to market conditions and market products this article paper analyzes the trends in the development of camera technology, and designs a color night vision camera.

最后根据市场情况和市面上产品的情况分析了摄像机技术的发展趋势，并设计了一款彩色夜视摄像机。

Only person height weeds and the fierce looks stone idles were there.

只有半人深的荒草和龇牙咧嘴的神像。