查询词典 north by east

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

"By rejecting specific recommendations made by dozens of countries the Iranian authorities showed contempt for international obligations just as they have done in their treatment of their own people," said Hassiba Hadj Sahraoui, Middle East and North Africa Deputy Director at Amnesty International.

"通过抵制提出具体建议，几十个国家的伊朗当局表明，蔑视国际义务，只有像他们那样对待他们自己的人，说："哈西巴勒哈撒哈拉，中东和北非副主任大赦国际。

Wuxia area was located on the eastern of northwest Junggar basin, it was a zone of bruchfalten affected by multiphase tectonic activity, have many faults and its fold morphology were very complicated, underwent three large structural activities, which happened in the late Hercynian movement, Indo-Chinese movement, and the Yanshan movement, by this,strata of Wuxia area can be divided into two primary tectonic sequences and seven secondary tectonic sequences, on plane, Wuxia area can be divided into three secondary structural units from north to south,they are foreland thrust belt, Wuxia fault fold belt and monocline belt, further, from west to east Wuxia fault fold belt can be divided into four fault fold belts.

乌夏断裂带位于准噶尔盆地西北缘冲断带东段，是一个受多期构造叠加影响的断褶带，断裂发育，褶皱形态复杂，自成盆期以来经历了海西、印支、燕山和喜马拉雅等多期构造运动，可划分为2个一级构造层序和7个亚构造层序，可划分出山前冲断带、乌夏断褶带、南部单斜带三个次级构造单元和四个更次一级的构造单元。

Residents of east Asia saw the eclipse cut short by moonset, while those in the eastern parts of North and South America had the moon already partially or totally eclipsed by the time it rose over the horizon in the evening.

东亚的居民在看见月蚀的时候月亮已经快要下山了，而相反住在美洲东南部或者东北部的居民在月亮升起的时候月蚀就已经经历了一段时间了。

Location: A land-locked country in central South America, Paraguay is bordered by Brazil to the east and northeast, by Bolivia to the north, and Argentina to the south and west.

自然地理：巴拉圭是位于南美洲中部的内陆国家，北部和东北部与巴西接壤，北部与玻利维相邻，西部和南部与阿根廷交界。

Second, From the internal comparison of linzhang dialect,I find that the difference from east to west is smaller and the difference is larger from south to north ,particularly the southern Zhanghe is affected by vicinity dialects, the tail is abundant and the suffixation of the northen Zhanghe is increasing under the influence of the Standard Chinese. The exterior comparison includes the comparison of the linzhang dialect vocabulary to that of the vicinity and that of the Standard Chinese. The comparison with the vicinity dialects reveals the ralationship of the Linzhang dialects with the vicinity dialects and inquire into its reason. Third, Through the comparison between the dialect and the Standard Chinese from the aspects of sallable, morpheme,affixation, I reveal the vocabulary-made characteristics of the Linzhang dialect---- to have abundant affix. Last, we divide the vocabulary in the Linzhang dialect into the Ancient Chinese words,the Medieval Chinese words,the Modern Chinese words,the Modern Chinese words by the historical view.

漳河北受普通话影响比较大，儿化现象比较突出；外部比较主要通过临漳与周围县，如安阳、魏县、磁县、成安县等，方言词汇的比较以及与普通话词汇的比较，揭示了临漳方言与周围县方言的亲疏关系，并探讨了其原因； 3、临漳方言词汇的构词特点，主要从构词的角度，从音节、语素、附加式构成几个方面与普通话进行了比较，突出了临漳方言词汇词缀构词的特点； 4、临漳方言词汇的历史层次是从汉语史的角度对词汇进行的分类研究，从词汇产生的时代划分出上古汉语词汇、中古汉语词汇、近代汉语词汇以及现代汉语词汇。

"To the north lies the harsh Mongolian Plateau; the northwest, caravans are swallows by the Gobi Deserts; in the west and southwest tower the uninhabitable Tibetan Plateau. On the south she is bound by unpenetrable jungle s; to the east she is blocked by mysterious waters."

北部横亘着气候恶劣的蒙古高原，西北的商旅被戈壁流沙吞没，西部和西南部是人迹罕至的青藏高原，南部是难以穿越的丛莽，东部受到神秘莫测的汪洋阻档。

"To the north lies the harsh Mongolian Plateau; the northwest, caravan s are swallows by the Gobi Deserts; in the west and southwest tower the uninhabitable Tibetan Plateau. On the south she is bound by unpenetrable jungles; to the east she is blocked by mysterious waters."

北部横亘着气候恶劣的蒙古高原，西北的商旅被戈壁流沙吞没，西部和西南部是人迹罕至的青藏高原，南部是难以穿越的丛莽，东部受到神秘莫测的汪洋阻档。

Pass by short for Zhejiang Province east or the line of 3 inland business of Jiangxi or Anhui and line of coastal a business, there is very close economy connection between Changjiang Delta and Guangdong Fujian, and Hua Na and the flow of goods between China north, normally by Changjiang Delta turns be defeated, from Guangzhou exit enjoys the heavy goods such as the silk of high reputation, cotton cloth in the international market, basically also come from Changjiang Delta area.

通过经由浙东或江西或安徽的三条内地商道和沿海的一条商道，江南与广东福建之间保持着极为密切的经济联系，而且华南与华北之间的商品流通，通常经由江南转输，从广州出口在国际市场享有盛誉的丝绸、棉布等大宗商品，也主要来自江南地区。

Models of space variation were constructed at the directions of east-west and south-north based on the geostatistical method by using 10 survey data from the transplanting to ripening of the rice in Xiushan, Chongqing in 2008. Isoclines maps of the WBPH nymphs at each stage were created by the geostatistical software Surfer8.0 with Kriging interpolation.

本文根据2008年在秀山县的系统调查资料，运用地统计学中的半方差函数，建立了秀山县水稻栽插至成熟10次调查时间在东西和南北2个方向上白背飞虱若虫的空间变异曲线模型，并利用Surfer8.0软件对空间分布数据进行插值和模拟。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。