查询词典 normal to the surface

A systematic study on computing the integral curvature line on NURBS surface is presented. Discrete normal is used to simplify calculation of the second fundamental form of the surface, resulting in accelerating the Euler iteration process in solving the differential equation of curvature line. Discrete points on the curvature line are then obtained and approximated by an explicitly presented B-spline curve on the NURBS surface using singular mixed interpolation and capable of controlling the error within a given tolerance.

对NURBS曲面的曲率线的积分进行了系统的公式推导，并利用NURBS曲面的离散法向量有效地简化了曲面第二基本量的计算，加速了Euler法迭代求解曲率线微分方程的过程；在求得曲率线上的离散点集以后，应用奇异混合插值技术，在可控精度内把曲率线用显式直接表示为位于NURBS曲面上的B样条曲线。

But although the source of such foul space weather is known—it happens when giant flares on the surface of the sun pour out more protons and electrons than normal—the details depend on structures within the magnetosphere that are only now coming under scrutiny. Sometimes storms drift past the Earth with little impact. On other occasions they pummel the magnetosphere's crown to about half its normal distance from the Earth's surface.

曾有一段时间太阳表面巨大的火焰散发出比平常更多量的质子与电子，可尽管恶劣天气状况的原由已被人们所知，然而磁气圈内的结构的详细情况直到目前才得到人们的重视并受到详细审核。

AIM: To observe the surface of articular cartilage of normal rabbit with scanning electron microscope, so as to provide normal reference for the surface structure of articular cartilage.

目的：扫描电镜观察正常兔膝关节表面的结构，为研究关节软骨表面结构提供正常参照。

First, we extract the boundaries between two different materials by weighting with gray-level gradient,and only voxels on these boundaries participate in the generation of each image, so it drastically reduces the rendering time. Second. We think the voxels on boundaries as the mixture of different materials,so in every voxel there is a surface. We use the oriented cube-interpolation technique to get the intersection point of viewing orientation and the surface in the voxel, then compute the surface normal of the intersection point. We use the normal to shade the voxel in order to improve the image quality.

首先，采用灰度梯度加权提取出三维数据场中不同物质间的边界，根据显示的需要只对这些边界上的体元赋予相应的阻光度并进行光亮度合成计算，因而可大大减少计算量，提高显示的速度；将边界上的体元作为不同物质的混合体，采用与方向有关的三线性插值来计算视线方向与体素内等值面的交点，根据交点的法向量进行光照效应计算以提高显示图像的质量；最后用投影成像法显示最终的图像。

It is necessary to find the effects of spherical geometry on surface wave; Based on normal modal summation, the synthetic seismograms corresponding to the fundamental and few higher modes are calculated; Based on surface waveform scattering theory, the scattering surface wave are calculated for three dimensional laterally varying medium.

基于球地球模型计算面波波形，考虑到地球的圆球率，比平地球模型更接近实际；根据简正振型叠加原理计算出基阶和高阶直达面波；用面波散射理论计算出三维非均匀弹性地球模型的散射面波，包含振型转换，与实际更吻合。

Firstly, the developing principles of the cylindrical internal helical gear are proposed through analyzing the movement and geometry requirements, which provides continuous contact between the mating gear surfaces. The tooth surface of the internal helical gear in the new gearing can be imagined as being generated by the normal section of the conjugated surface of the ball-tooth, moving along the radial projection of helix line of the tooth-root circle. Also, the proposed surface can be approximate tangent to the conjugated surface of the ball-tooth along a spacial curve.

首先，通过分析保证行星轮作螺环运动时与内斜齿轮实现连续啮合传动的运动和几何条件，提出了圆柱内斜齿轮齿面的两种形成原理：即由球齿运动包络曲面的法截面沿其齿根圆螺旋线在径向的投影进行拓展所形成的内齿面，以及与球齿运动包络曲面呈近似相切接触的等螺距齿面构成的内齿面。

In the algorithm, tangent plane of the surface at each point is first calculated according to the point and its neighbor points. In an optimized sequence, normal vectors of the tangent planes are oriented to the outside of the surface. Finally, marching cube method is used to output the triangular representation of the surface.

该算法首先根据测点的邻近测点估算曲面在该测点处的法矢，并采用优化的顺序对法矢方向进行调整以使各测点处的法矢都指向曲面外侧，最后用步进立方体算法输出三角网格模型。

Results: The normal epithelial cells were intactly lined with microvilli, and lesions on the surface of Ct infected cells were showed by SEM. The expression of actin was obvious throughout the cytoplasm of uterine epithelial cells but appeared to be most intense along the apical plasma membrane on day 4, 5 and 6 of pregnancy. On the day 7, levels of actin had increased along the apical surface. The expression of actin in the infected group was weaker than that in of the normal group.

结果：SEM示对照组子宫腔可见有微绒毛的分泌细胞；实验组腔上皮细胞表面有的可见破损，微绒毛少见；免疫组化结果显示荧光强度主要定位于腔上皮细胞胞质／胞膜，妊娠第4，5，6天沿胞质顶部分布较密集，而底部较弥散；妊娠第7天顶部强度有所增加；感染组的荧光强度均弱于相应正常组，在妊娠第5天存在显著性差异(p.05)。

Patients with degenerative arthritis of the X-ray, the right hip looks smooth Yuangun is in normal health of the joint; edge of the left hip is not formed, that cartilage hyperplasia, leading to the surface wear.

退化性关节炎病患的X光片，右侧髋关节看起来平滑圆滚，是健康正常的关节；左侧髋关节边缘不平整，可见软骨增生，导致表面磨损。

Results 1、 Generally, we can see the original blue and white, shiny, no cracks in the articular surface of the cartilage after the stress increases gradually yellow, surface roughness, cracks appear; when the pressure decreases, the yellowing, rough, the color of the fracture restore gradually and become shiny.2、the shiny smooth surface can be seen under a light microscope, formation, cell distribution, tidy, clear the level of cartilage at the articular surface stress increases, the surface roughness changes, defects, disordered cells, uneven dyeing ; when the articular surface of the pressure gradually decreased, the cartilage gradually repair and the surface of cells at the surface appear only disorder.3、immunohistochemical observation can be seen throughout the observation period, cartilage cells are type Ⅱ collagen expression and expression after 3 weeks gradually weakening, when the seventh week begin to strong gradually.4、 electron microscopy shows that when stress increases the articular surface, the cartilage cells became flat, the cytoplasm in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus decreased with collagen disorders; and when stress decreases the articular surface, cartilage cells gradually returned normal, cytoplasm in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body gradually restore quantity; collagen fibers with a gradual rules.

结果：①大体观察可见到原本蓝白色、有光泽、无裂纹的软骨在关节面压力增大后，逐渐呈灰黄色，表面粗糙，出现裂隙；当压力逐渐减小后，变黄、粗糙、有裂隙的软骨颜色逐渐恢复，变得有光泽②光镜下可见表面光滑、平整，细胞分布均匀、整齐，层次清楚的软骨在关节面压力增大后，表面变粗糙、缺损，细胞排列紊乱、染色不均；当关节面压力逐渐减小后，软骨表面逐渐修复，细胞仅在表层排列紊乱③免疫组织化学观察可见整个观察期内软骨细胞胞浆内均有Ⅱ型胶原表达，术后3周内表达逐渐变弱，从第7周时开始逐渐变强。④电镜下可见当关节面压力增大后，软骨细胞逐渐变扁，胞质中内质网膜、高尔基体减少，胶原排列紊乱；当关节面压力减小，软骨细胞形态逐渐恢复正常，胞质中内质网膜、高尔基体数量逐渐恢复；胶原纤维排列逐渐有规则。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。