查询词典 non-smoker

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

Under the influence of angle of joint and load, the distributing of displace field exits non-uniformity, and with the increase of joint dip angle the non-uniformity become stronger.

6受节理和加荷方向的影响，位移场分布存在一定的不均匀性，随着节理倾角变大，不均匀性增强。

Methods The optical calculation was taken as the following by using the parameter of Gullstrand model eye:①The refraction of silicone filled eye in non-accommodative status;②The refraction of silicone filled eye in non-accommodative status;③The aniseikonia analysis when one eye filled with the silicone oil;④The IOL power re-calculation.

采用Gullstrand模型眼参数进行以下分析：①非调节状态下正常眼球与硅油填充后眼球的屈光状态；②调节状态下正常眼球与硅油填充后眼球的屈光状态；③无晶状体眼玻璃体腔填充后的屈光状态；④正常眼球与填充硅油后视网膜像放大率变化；⑤硅油填充后的白内障人工晶状体植入术人工晶状体度数的变化。

It is proved that if'sparse NP complete sets under polynomial-time Turing reductions exist'then 'SAT is polynomial-time non-adaptively search reducible to decision', and that if 'P is not equal to NP'then either'SAT is not polynomial-time non-adaptively search reducible to decision'or'SAT is not polynomial-time truth-table reducible to bounded approximable sets', and that if'P is not equal to NP'then'sparse complete sets for NP under polynomial-time disjunctive reductions do not exist'.

因为用现有的证明技术不可能绝对地解决这个假设，本文研究了这个假设与其他关于SAT结构性质的假设之间的关系，证明了如果'NP有多项式时间图灵归约下的稀疏完全集'则'SAT是多项式时间并行地搜索归约为判定'，以及如果假设'P不等于NP'，则要么'SAT不是多项式时间并行地搜索归约为判定'，要么'SAT不能用多项式时间真值表归约归约为有界可近似集'。

In case a non-property owner adds appurtenance to the property of any other person that he uses, and if the property owner agrees to such adding and has stipulations on how to deal with the appurtenance, the stipulations shall be followed; if there is no stipulations and they cannot make an agreement through negotiation, the property owner may order to dismantle it if it can be dismantled; if it cannot be dismantled, it may be returned to the property owner after being converted into money; if it results in any loss of the property owner, the non-property owner shall undertake compensation liabilities.

非产权人在使用他人的财产上增添附属物，财产所有人同意增添，并就财产返还时附属物如何处理有约定的，按约定办理；没有约定又协商不成，能够拆除的，可以责令拆除；不能拆除的，也可以折价归财产所有人；造成财产所有人损失的，应当负赔偿责任。

If a contract is declared invalid for infringing upon other's rights to use and assign non-patent technology, the party obtaining the non- patent technology may continue to use it but should pay a reasonable amount of usage fees to the assigner.

侵害他人非专利技术使用权和转让权的合同被宣布无效后，取得非专利技术的受让方可以继续使用该项技术，但应向权利人支付合理的使用费。

To design, automatic bag-making machine, machine printing, laminating, sewing one-stop production system, using the latest non-polluting non-woven materials for clients designed to attach a logo or text printed beautifully, product durability, and environmental protection practical, deeply domestic, Europe and the United States, Middle East and Japan and South Korea and other customers alike.

以设计、全自动制袋机、机械印刷、复膜、车缝一条龙生产体系，采用最新无污染无纺布材料制作、为客户精心设计、附上精美图案或文字印刷，产品美观时尚而且环保实用，而深受国内、欧美、中东和日韩等客商的一致好评。

Beside this, more opportunistic behavior would occur in administrative monopoly departments because of the attainability of low-cost financing, the insiders would gain much profit in the form of non-wage income, or the departments\' managers would enjoy high level on-the-job consumption, these all enlarged the between and insider non-wage income gap.

由于行政垄断部门能够获得廉价资金，因而更容易造成机会主义行为，以各种非工资性收入的形式将资金直接分配给内部员工，或者提高行政垄断部门管理者在职消费水平，结果扩大了部门间和部门内部非工资性收入的差距。

Another approach in enhancing the light extraction efficiency of AlGaInP LED was accomplished using a surface roughening process. In this process, the Au(170 nm)/AuBe(260 nm)/Au(170 nm) ohmic contact layers were first deposited on the GaP window layer. After the alloy annealing process (480°C for 10 min), the Be atoms will diffuse into the GaP top layer and form non-uniform clusters. The LED samples were then immersed into a mixture 3H3PO4:1H2O2:1H2O solution for 6 min, resulting in a rough GaP surface. The luminous intensity of the AlGaInP LED can increase from 42 to 50 mcd, that is, an 18% enhancement can be achieved via the present non-photolithography surface roughening process.Keywords: LED, AlGaInP, Cu substrate, Reflector, Surface roughening

在实验的第二部份是开发磷化镓窗口层之粗化制程，我们是藉由正面金/铍欧姆接触电极之熔合制程，使铍扩散至磷化镓层，同时利用铍渗入磷化镓造成之特殊组成，可形成不均匀之蚀刻阻挡，而在磷化镓表面形成粗化，我们发现480℃、10分钟的熔合制程，加上浸泡磷化镓蚀刻溶液6分钟，可将四元发光二极体之发光亮度由42 mcd 提升到50 mcd，经由此无光罩粗化制程可将亮度提升18%，明显提升磷化铝铟镓发光二极体之外部量子效率。

Guangan brand can adjust load and economize power,it is a key environment protection product,which can be a substitute product for coal and oil fuel boiler non-pollution,non-noise,small volume,automatic control,safe and reliable in operation,and the hear efficiency reaches 98%,a green boiler product save us both money and labour.

生产"广安牌"电锅炉是国家科技部、国家环保总局、国家电力公司向全国推广应用的调荷节能、环保重点产品。可代替燃煤、燃油锅炉。具有无污染、无噪音、体积小、全自动控制、运行安全可靠，热效率高达98%等优点，是省钱省力的绿色锅炉产品。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。