查询词典 non-reversible process

Reversible cutting can be classified into three categories in terms of cutting movement: reversible feed motion, reversible primary motion, and reversible composite motion.

研究了可逆向车削、铣削、刨削、钻削和铰削以及复合可逆切削的运动方式和特点，建立了车削、铣削、刨削、钻削和铰削、车铣的运动学图谱。

The thesis studies the difference between GWSs composition and traditional workflow applications, proposes the implement mechanism and technical architecture of GWSs composition and defines the reference model of GWSs composition platform, which provide holistic framework and top-level guidance for studying dynamic GWSs composition technology, designing GWSs composition platform, and implementing representative composite service applications.2、Theories and methods of composite process modeling and process analysis. This thesis proposes a meta-model of Geo-spatial Web services composition process defining from two aspects, i.e. process and resource. According to the process definition meta-model, we propose a new Geo-spatial Web services composition Process/Resource model based on extended WF-net, which effectively resolves the problems on uncertain activity option and dynamic variation of service in composite process model. A notion with regard to soundness of process model is proposed from three aspects, i.e. the structural correctness of process model, validity of data link and validity of resource. The notion of soundness definitely gives a dividing line on correctness of composite GWS process. This thesis analyzes sufficient and essential terms of soundness, and studies compositional property of WSCP/R-net models which provides an effective method to construct a soundness WSCP/R-net model. According to WSCP/R-net, the thesis proposes composition algebra and studies the properties of it. Based on the composition algebra, 6 kinds of composite process reduction rules are induced to optimize the process.3、Geo-spatial Web service QoS model and its application architecture. This thesis proposes an extendable GWS QoS model from three aspects, i.e. Geo-spatial Web Service itself, networking conditions and service consumer which can be used to distinguish GWSs with overlapping or identical functionality. We work over the QoS evaluation methods of composite GWS process which can be used to guide the execution, monitor and service selection of composition process. Aming at some disadvantages in traditional Web service discovery model for its lacking of QoS supporting, this thesis proposes a new service discovery model SDMQ supporting QoS constraints.4、Technologies of composite service executing. SSPL, a new composite service process language, is defined to overcome the disadvantages of existing composite services process languages which can not adapt to the dynamic variation of Geo-spatial Web Services. An algorithm is described to translate WSCP/R-net model into SSPL. The thesis studies the model of dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization, presenting an algorithm GODSS to resolve dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization in GWSs Composition.5、Design and implement experimental system and representative applications. According to the research findings presented above, we design and implement an experimental system and construct two representative applications to show that our achievements are effective and practical.

针对当前空间信息服务聚合研究中存在的若干不足，本文重点在基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合框架、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术、空间信息服务QoS模型及应用体系以及空间信息服务聚合流程执行等几个方面进行深入研究，主要工作和创新点包括：1、基于工作流的空间信息服务动态聚合框架：研究了空间信息服务动态聚合和传统工作流应用的不同，在此基础上提出了基于工作流技术的空间信息服务动态聚合实现机制、技术体系和参考模型，为研究空间信息服务聚合的关键技术、开发服务聚合支撑平台以及在此基础上构造特定的空间信息服务聚合应用提供了总体框架和顶层指导。2、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术：首先基于动态服务聚合流程建模的需求和空间信息服务动态变化的应用实际，从服务聚合的过程维和资源维出发定义了服务聚合流程定义元模型；与之相对应，对基本的WF-net进行扩展，提出服务聚合流程/资源网作为空间信息服务聚合流程的形式化描述模型，有效解决了现有的基于基本Petri网和工作流网的服务聚合建模方法所不能解决的不确定路径选择和服务的动态变化性问题；从流程结构正确性、数据依赖有效性和资源实现有效性三个方面提出了WSCP/R-net健壮性的概念，明确界定了聚合流程正确性的标准，并对WSCP/R-net模型的健壮性分析方法和WSCP/R-net模型的组合特性进行了研究；提出了空间信息服务聚合代数算子并对其性质进行了研究，在此基础上提出了6种聚合流程约简规则，从而可达到优化聚合流程、提高聚合流程执行效率的目的。3、空间信息服务QoS模型和应用体系：从服务本身、网络环境和服务消费者三个层次出发，提出了一个可扩展的空间信息服务QoS模型GSQM，实现了对空间信息服务的度量和评价，并对GSQM不同质量要素信息的客观、公正采集方法进行了研究；研究了空间信息服务聚合流程QoS评价方法，有效支持了空间信息服务聚合流程的执行、监控以及服务选择等操作；针对目前的服务发现模型仅支持服务功能性描述、不能有效满足空间信息服务应用需求的现状，提出了一种新的支持QoS约束的服务发现模型SDMQ，并对模型的实现框架进行了研究。4、空间信息服务聚合流程执行技术：针对现有的服务聚合流程描述语言不能有效满足空间信息服务动态聚合流程描述的特点，基于BPEL4WS提出了一种新的空间信息服务聚合流程描述语言SSPL；研究了满足健壮性要求的WSCP/R-net模型向SSPL的转换算法，在此基础上可以满足用户无显式编码来实现空间信息服务聚合应用的目的；研究了服务动态选择QoS全局优化模型，并在此基础上提出了一种解决服务动态选择QoS全局优化问题的实现算法GODSS.5、基于论文研究成果，设计实现了"空间信息服务聚合实验系统"，并构建了"矿产资源评价"和"城市消防应急响应"两个典型应用案例，对论文所述模型、方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面：(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD／CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程，在分析工艺设计过程的基础上，提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法，并探讨了该方法的应用前景；(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法，在成组技术的基础上，开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统，并在提取零件特征的基础上，定义了零件特征的数据模型，开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统；(3)研究了基于特征的CAD／CAPP集成的方法，通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构，开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序，为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息；(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法，将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中，开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统，在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺；(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构，通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图，并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案，初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题；(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题，提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法，并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究；(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题，利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题，实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率；(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作，为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

Difficulties: quasi-static process and reversible process; Calculation on heat and work in reversible process

难 点：准平衡过程和可逆过程的定义，可逆过程的热量和功量计算。

This paper introduces the principle of electromotor based on single chip computer 8051PWM,and the realization process of reversible control and non- reversible control .

介绍了基于单片机8051PWM控制的电动机原理，阐述了8051与直流电动机构成的电机可逆控制和不可逆控制的实现过程。

The process features and shape features of the electronic part are classified and defined, and then the feature model library is built, which enables rapid input of the part information. The rules and methods of stamping process design are summarized to build the stamping process library, so that the stamping process can be designed rapidly and intelligently. Furtherly, the process design rules and methods in process station layout of multi-station progressive die as well as the methods of decompounding and compounding process and the expression method of the process station layout are concluded and summarized, and then the rule library and case library of process station layout are built. Designing the process station layout rapidly is carried out based on rules and cases. At last the rapid design function of process station layout is validated through simulating the rapid designing layout system of multi-station progressive die on Pro/E 3D platform.

主要研究成果有：对电子产品冲压件的工艺特征与形状特征进行了分类和定义，建立了特征模型库，实现了冲压件信息的快速输入；归纳了冲压工艺设计规则和方法，建立了冲压工艺知识库，实现了冲压工艺快速与智能化设计；归纳总结了多工位级进模工步排样中的工序设计原则和方法，工序分解与工序组合方法，工步排样知识的表示方法，建立了工步排样规则库和实例库，利用基于规则和实例的推理方法，实现了工步排样的快速设计；在Pro/E三维软件平台上开发了电子产品多工位级进模工步排样快速设计系统，系统通过实例验证了工步排样的快速设计功能。

The increased amount of non--exchangeable NH4^＋-N during the incubation indicated as the following tendency, namely, Eum-Orthic Anthrosols 〉 Los - Orthic Entisols 〉 Hap-Ustic Isohumisols 〉 Ust-Sandiic Entisols. Organic material influenced significantly the increased amount of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N （P was 0.0002, 0.0004 and 0.0003 when incubated at 20 d, 50 d and 60 d, respectively）. NH4^＋-N increased remarkably when Stlpa bungeana and Medicago sativa were added compared with no addition. The contents of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N increased significantly when added （NH4）2SO4 compared without addition at 20 d, 40 d and 60d of incubation and P was 0.0037, 0.0033 and 0.0027, respectively. It was the result that the NH4^＋-N from （NH4）2 SO4 was fixed within the soil. The increased amount of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N increased significantly for different soils, on which different vegetation types grew before the collection of soil samples, when incubated at 20 d （P=0.0434）, but not significantly at 40 d and 60d （P=0.7378 and 0.5375）. The increased amount of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N in the soil, on which crop straw and nitrogen fertilizer had been incorporated for a long-term period, was larger than that of no addition, but it was not significantly different among these two fertilization models. Soil clay, total N and organic matter were positively correlated remarkably with the contents of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N, the increased amount of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N had no correlation with soil clay, whereas it had significantly positive correlation with total N and organic matter.

培养期间非交换性NH4^＋-N的增加量均表现为以土垫旱耕人为土最大，其次是黄土正常新成土，简育干润均腐土和干湿砂质新成土较小；添加有机物料极显著影响培养期间的非交换性NH4^＋-N增加量（培养20d、40d和60d时P分别为0.0002，0.004和0.0003），表现为紫花苜蓿和长芒草土壤非交换性NH4^＋-N的增加量均极显著高于不添加有机物料的对照土壤；在培养20d、40d和60d时，加（NH4）2SO4土样非交换性NH4^＋-N的增加量显著大于不加（NH4）2SO4土样（户分别为0.0037，0.0033和0.0027），这是土壤对（NH4）2SO4中NH4^＋-N固定的必然结果；不同植被类型土壤培养20d时的非交换性NH4^＋-N增加量差异显著（P=0.0434），培养40d和60d时差异不显著（p分别为0.7378和0.5375）；长期秸秆和氮肥配施土壤非交换性NH4^＋-N增加量大于不施肥对照土壤，但差异不显著土壤黏粒、全氮和有机质与培养0d、20d、40d和60d时土壤的非交换性NH4^＋-N含量均呈极显著正相关；而非交换性NH4^＋-N的增加量与粘粒无相关性，但与全氛和有机质呈显著正相关。

The nautre of ester bond and sedimentary medium condition control the distribution pattern of organic acid ester in strong reductional environment and water-washed oxidized crude oils. The former features higher contents both of 9, 11-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester and Hexadecanoic acid, showing the non-reversible hydrolysis reaction of ester bond in condition of basicity; the later features higher contents of Hexadecanoic acid and Octadeanoic acid, and lower contents of nonsaturated and side-chain acid ester, indicating the reversible hydrolysis reaction of ester bond in acid condition.

酯键的化学性质和沉积环境中介质条件，决定了强还原咸水盐湖相和淡水湖沼相经水洗氧化次生变化的原油有机酸酯的分布特征，前者9，11-十八二烯酸甲酯与正十六烷酸为主，反映酯键在碱性条件的不可逆水解过程，后者以正十六烷酸和正十八烷酸为主，烯酸和支链酸很少，反映酯键的酸性条件的可逆性水解，烯酸经氧化向正十八烷酸，正十六烷酸转化。

The objectives of this paper were to investigate the simulation and design of continuous multiple-station rolling forming process for a U-Section Steel Bar by CAE software-DEFORMTM Due to the limitation of elements number using a short strip 120mm went through all the stations to simulate the real continuous rolling forming on factory The roller gap was fixed as 0 30mm roll speed was 20 rad/sec and progressive angles were all equal for each rolling process which were the formed angle divided by by the number of station Three rolling processes were selected with 6 9 and 12 stations respectively During simulation processes two cases occurred Case A the strip was through a single station Case B the strip across two stations Because the strip laterals side was stretched and twisted during the process The model of case B closer to the practical process than case A and the calculated stress and strain on the tip of U section for case A were lower than these for case B by up to 15% From the result of case B for each process the stress for 12-station process was smallest 9-station process second and 6-station process next Because less-station can save larger cost and forming time but the bigger stress and strain for 6-station caused wrinkles on lateral sides not found on 9-station and 12-station Therefore 9-station process was a more suitable design than 12-station process smaller stretched and twisted and stress The progressive angles for 12-station was 7 5?

本文主要是以DEFORMTM有限元素软体模拟U型钢片连续道次成型与单一道次成型以确认单一道次模拟的是否可取代连续道次模拟之研究。因DEFORMTM 软体对於网格元素上的限制故使用较短素材120mm通过所有的成型站以模拟工厂实际连续成形方法。辊轮间隙固定为0 3mm；辊轮转速为20 rad/sec；弯曲角度的方法为将成型角度平均除以成型站数。有三种辊轮成型方式被选择分别为6站，9站，与12站。在模拟的过程中有两种现象会产生 Case A，素材通过单一成型站。Case B，素材会通过两个成型站。因为在模拟过程中素材的两端会有拉应力与扭力。Case B的模拟比Case A像实际的制程，并计算应力与应变在U型断面的Tip部中可发现Case A比Case B低约15%。从Case B的每站的结果可以得知，12站的成型应力最小，9站次之，6站最后。

As the complete characteristic curves of reversible pump turbine are often used to calculate the instantaneous parameters, this paper studies the characteristic curve and the wicket closure and opening law in pumped storage plants.Chapter 1 presents the importance and the necessity of this study and reviews the previous related research on hydraulic transient process and valve regulation in pumped storage plants.Chapter 2 analyzes the six collected characteristic curves of reversible pumped turbine and studies their diversification from the point of view of specific speed. The six collected discharge and moment curves with maximum efficiency have been fitted to piecewise continuous curves. This curve-fitting procedure is listed.Chapter 3 takes Liyang Pumped storage plant as an example and analyzes the effect of different characteristic curves on regulation guarantee parameters and the variety of its trochoid during the same operation status.Chapter 4 takes three pumped storage plants with different heads as examples and studies the characteristic of coordinated closure with wicket gate and ball valve and its effect on dynamic pressure in the spiral case, inlet pressure in the draft tube and the rise of rotating speed.Chapter 5 summarizes this paper and point out what should be done in the future research.

由于在过渡过程分析计算中，需要频繁利用可逆式机组的全特性曲线推求机组的瞬时参数，所以本文就特性曲线及关闭规律问题进行了研究，其主要内容如下：第1章，指出本文研究的意义和目的，回顾前人对水力过渡过程、抽水蓄能电站及阀调节的研究成果，在此基础上提出本文的研究内容；第2章，针对收集到的六套特性曲线，从比转速的角度出发来研究可逆式机组特性曲线的变化规律；并对六套曲线的最高效率流量和力矩曲线进行分段拟合，得到各分段函数的具体形式，再通过举例说明最高效率曲线的拟合步骤；第3章，以溧阳抽水蓄能电站为实例，分析讨论不同比转速特性曲线对调保参数造成的影响及对于相同工况其轨迹线的变化；第4章，结合高、中、低三水头段抽水蓄能电站，在导叶直线关闭的基础上，研究导叶与球阀协联关闭规律的特点及对蜗壳动水压力、尾水管进口压力及转速上升造成的影响；第5章，总结全文，提出今后研究的重点和方向。

Liapunov—Schmidt method is one of the most important method in the bifurcation theory.

Liapunov—Schmidt方法是分叉理论的最重要方法之一。

Be courteous -- even when people are most discourteous to you .

要有礼貌──即使当別人对你最不礼貌的时候。