查询词典 non-mechanical

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

Principle of d′Alembert Lagrange for a system relative to a non inertial reference frame and non isochronal variation is first presented.

本文研究了单面非完整系统相对于非惯性系的 Noether定理及逆定理。

Chinese ink painting through observation of the characteristics of in-depth analysis, investigate the current non-photorealistic graphics technology development, as well as a deeper understanding of the current graphics hardware knowledge, this paper presents the use of programmable graphics hardware to deal with real-time three-dimensional model is converted to ink the effect of non-photorealistic graphics rendering method and ink to do a variety of research, as well as splash-ink style animation and keyframe animation research.

详细说明：通过对中国水墨画特点的深入观察分析，调查当前非真实感图形学技术发展以及深入了解了当前图形处理硬件的相关知识后，本论文提出了利用可编程图形处理硬件将三维模型实时转换为水墨画效果非真实感图形的渲染方法，并做了多种水墨风格的研究以及泼墨动画和关键帧动画的研究。

It has an advantage of innocuity, non-residual and non-pollution which is not substituted by any general way. The performance of the sterilization and modification is very good.

具有无毒、无害、无残留、无环境污染的其他传统方法无可替代的优点，辐照加工过程可控制，灭菌、改性效果极佳。

Nation Health Ministry just announced a recent research result about the death reason of resident all over the country in 29th Apr 2008, this data shows that, the chronic non-infective disease becomes the mainly death reason, and at the same time the infection, month-kid disease and innutrition related disease become less and less important, the rate that chronic non-infective disease cause death become more and more important from 76.5% in 1990s to 82.5% now

2008年4月29号，卫生部公布了的三次全国居民死因调查结果，此次调查的结果显示，慢性非传染性疾病导致是主要的死亡原因，而传染病，母婴疾病和营养不良性疾病的比例逐年下降，慢性非传染性疾病导致的死亡所占比例由90年代的76.5%上升到目前的82.5%。

This thesis simply defines the rational factors and irrational factors and points out that the irrational factors have the characters of emergency, instantaneousness, illogicality, non-consciousness, non-language and so on, and discusses function of inspiring, promoting, exploding and adjusting of the irrational factors to the human cognition.

本文对"非理性因素"、"理性因素"的概念进行了简要界定，指出了"非理性因素"具有突发性、瞬时性、非逻辑性、不自觉性、非语言性等特点；探讨了"非理性因素"对人认识的激励作用、推动作用、激发作用和调节作用；同时就"非理性因素"中的"情感"进行分类探讨。

This method uses the strong non-linear mapping ability which the RBF network has and its short-time training merit to construct the network, substitutes the non-analytic function, make it to instate of the optimized question of the objective function, and iterates this objective function with the genetic algorithm to search the optimal solution.

该方法利用RBF网络所具有的非线性映射能力强，训练时间短的优点，构建网络，替代非解析函数，使之作为优化问题的目标函数，并用遗传算法搜索迭代出该目标函数的最优解。

In the designs of time, emotion has very important functions. Along with the development of computer, network, digital and electronic technologies in 1990s, non-substance designing has became a leading trend. Computer has replaced paper and pencil to become the main instrument, also the software has turned into a part of design. More important thing is the designs of physical products commence to hanker for lyric-value, advocate the designs that can arouse poetic responses and focus on the non-substance services, technique and audio-visual feeling. Design subject has already speared the evaluative trend from applied material engineering, technical science and functions of products and other physical modality and value to intangibleness such as services, technique, culture, emotion, poetry and so on.

情感在当代设计中有极其重要的作用，90年代，随着电脑等电子技术和数码、网络技术的发展，非物质设计成为设计的一个主导倾向，不仅设计的工具从手绘工具变为电脑，软件成为设计的一部分，重要的是物质产品的设计也开始追求所谓的抒情价值，提倡"能引起诗意反应的物品"的设计，注意非物质的服务、方式、视听感受等方面的设计，设计学科已出现从实用的材料工程科学、技术科学、产品功能等的物质形态和价值转向服务、方式、文化、情感、诗化等无形的非物质方面的趋向。

In the second place, this paper uses the financial data reported by China's private listed companies and statistical analysis skills to test the theories and hypotheses. The research collects all required data from 2000 to 2002, examines the profit ability, the gain ability, the repay ability, and the cost control ability for all sampling listed companies by using Paired-Samples T test in the quantitative analysis section. The results show that these listed companies'profit decreases, income increases, repay ability enhances after the companies go public. Finally the paper takes the non-operating expenses as the illustrating index for the cost control capability of the companies to demonstrate that there is an obvious increase of non-operating expenses after getting great amount of money in IPO, in this sense it can be stated that there is the intendancy of low capital utility rate in private companies.

研究选用了描述性统计分析方法对样本企业IPO前后时段的财务指标进行了对比考查，并运用配对样本t检验方法进行了显著性检验，研究结果表明民营企业在IPO前后的盈利水平总体上是显著下降的；同时研究也显示虽然获利水平出现了小幅上升，但这是由于企业通过IPO融资增加了投资规模导致的；企业的偿债能力在IPO之后有明显的好转；研究最后以营业外支出作为企业成本控制能力的解释指标，发现企业在IPO上市融得大量资金后对主营业务以外的支出有明显的增多，可以判断民营企业存在资本利用效率低下的现象。

I also realized the nature of similarity-and-continuity, and the non-permanace-and-non-nihility of all beings in the course of evolution: every individual arises and falls interdependently in a continuous way, like the foams in the river of life that flows everlastingly.

当时，我似乎感受到我和鳄鱼等爬虫类、马等哺乳类等无比的亲密关系，再次憾动"我是万物之灵"的迷执，更小心、踏实的去面对人类隐藏在深层的本性；同时也体会到生命各物种间之相似相续、不常不断的演化过程，生命个体犹如生命之亘古长流中的水泡，缘起缘灭，不生不灭。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。