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Furthermore, the first-order optimality condition and its equivalent reformulations for generalized semi-infinite max-min programming with a non-compact set are presented using the lower-Hadamard directional derivative and subdifferential.2. Chapter 3 studies the gradient-type methods for unconstrained optimization problems. Section 1 proposes a new class of three-term memory gradient methods. The global convergence property of the method is established. Furthermore, in order to improve the convergence property of the method, a new class of memory gradient projection methods is presented with the property that the whole sequence of iterates converges to a solution to the problem under the conditions such as pseudo-convexity and continuous differentiability of objective function. In section 2, two new classes of methods, called gradient-type method with perturbations and hybrid projection method with perturbations, are proposed. In these methods, non-monotone line search technique is employed, which makes them easily executed in computer.

第3章研究了无约束优化问题的梯度型算法，第1节提出了一类新的三项记忆梯度算法，讨论了算法的全局收敛性，进一步提出了一类新的具有更好收敛性质的记忆梯度投影算法，并证明了该算法在函数伪凸的情况下具有整体收敛性，第2节在非单调步长搜索下提出了带扰动项的梯度型算法及其混合投影算法，这两类算法的一个重要特征就是步长采用线搜索确定而不象许多文献中那样要求步长趋于零，这样更容易在计算机上实现，在较弱的条件下证明了这些算法的全局收敛性，数值算例表明了算法的有效性。

With the sign whether the corporation is "special treated" or not, the thesis, basing on existing researches, selects the initial samples which are composed of 80 ST firms and 80 non-ST firms in two groups, besides, selects six non-financial data for supplementary and contradistinctive research.

以是否被特别处理为财务危机标志，本文本研究在借鉴已有研究成果的基础上，除了选取了80家财务危机公司和80家健康公司的财务数据作为开发样本，本研究还选取了6个非财务数据进行了对比补充研究。

Based on the radar dense data of convectional cloud on June 12,2004 in Yongdeng county,choosing two similar convectional clouds as seeding and non-seeding cloud,the remarkable changes of radar echo parameters of the seeding cloud compared with the non-seeding cloud were discussed in this paper,and the rain enhancement effect was evaluated primarily with ground observational rainfall data.The results show that many aspects of the seeding cloud,such as precipitation,life characteristic and vertical characteri...

利用2004年6月12日甘肃省永登县雷达观测对流云的加密资料，选取了2次相似对流云过程分别作为目标云和对比云，探讨了目标云作业前后较对比云雷达回波有关参数的显著变化，并结合地面雨量点观测资料对地面人工增雨作业效果进行了初步分析，结果表明：目标云在降水、生命期特征、回波垂直特征参数变化方面，表现出作业前后较对比云存在明显差异，目标云作业40 m in后地面产生0.6 mm降水，而对比云则从新生发展到减弱消散阶段经历较短的时间(30 m in)，地面并无降水产生，从而推断本次人工增雨达到了一定的预计效果。

It was found that the relationship between the nonsmooth appearance of leaf surface and its wettability is very strong, and the shape and distribution of the non-smooth elements are the decisive factors. The surface with regular distribution of convex elements presents large contact angle, strong water repellence, and good self-clearing ability, and that of hairy non-smooth elements takes the nextplace.

试验结果表明，植物表面具有的非光滑形态与表面润湿能力的强弱有极大的关系，非光滑单元体的形状和分布是影响植物表面憎水性强弱的决定性因素；规律分布凸包形非光滑单元体的植物表面的憎水性强，脱附效果好；规律密布表皮毛形非光滑单元体次之。

There are a large number of non-convex functions in practical problems, and they have similar nature in the non-linear programming as convex functions.

实际问题中的大量函数都是非凸的，它们与凸函数在非线性规划中有一些相似的性质。

Constantly research and develop new products, we have adopted a modern professional production line and testing equipment to produce non-non-stick cooking utensils and stability in the quality and attractive style.

不断研究和开发新产品，我们采用专业的现代化生产线和检测设备，以生产非不粘炊具与稳定的质量和具有吸引力的作风。

Based on the flaw of the probability reliability model in the case of small amount of information,non-probability and mixed probability/non-probability reliability models are presented. When the uncertainty of the basic random variable is described by convex, analytical and numerical methods are constructed to calculate the convex of response variable. The infinite norm index, which is the minimal infinite norm distance from original coordinate point to the surface of the limit state in the standard interval space, is presented to measure the safety of the structure.

针对概率可靠性模型在小子样信息下的缺陷，建立了非概率可靠性模型及概率—非概率混合可靠性模型；给出了用集合来描述变量不确定性时，极限状态变量变化集合的解析解和数值迭代解法；提出了物理概念明确且十分易于工程应用的度量结构、机构安全程度的无穷范数指标，它是标准区间空间中坐标原点到极限状态表面的最小无穷范数距离。

The core problem of load forecasting is technical matters or the mathematical model. Conventional model is described by clear mathematic representation, which has the advantages of little calculation and high speed, but which has lots of limitations such as non-self learning, and non-self adapting at the same time.

传统的数学模型是用显示的数学表达式加以描述，具有计算量小、速度快的优点，但同时也存在很多的缺陷和局限性，比如不具备自学习、自适应能力、预测系统的鲁棒性没有保障等。

The simulation results also verify that the algorithm exhibits corking robustness against the external interference and modeling errors. Ideal control effect can be achieved without changes of the algorithm and its parameters in time-delay system, non-minimum phase system, unstable object, non-linear system and MIMO system. It is so that why this algorithm has generality and is easy to use, which is favorable for the application and generalization of predictive control.

仿真结果表明基于克隆选择的免疫预测控制算法对外部干扰及建模误差具有很好的鲁棒性；并且不修改算法及算法参数就能对时滞系统、非最小相位系统、不稳定对象、非线性系统及MIMO系统等实现理想的控制效果，因而具有通用性，有利于预测控制的应用推广。

Meanwhile, Oscar Wilde's aestheticism, literature views of non-utilitarianism and non-moralism, favoritism in the beauty of decadence and corruptness deeply influenced Yu da-fu's writing style.

与此同时，王尔德对于"美"的执着追求，他的非功利主义和非道德主义的文艺观，以及他对表现颓废、堕落等带有"恶之美"色彩的生活的偏爱，都在郁达夫创作中留下了鲜明的印记。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。