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The major results of this proposal are as follows:(1) ABA induces a rapid, substantial accumulation of apoplastic H2O2 in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of maize leaves, and the accumulation of apoplastic H2O2 is involved in the induction of the chloroplastic and cytosolic antioxidant enzymes.(2) ABA-induced H2O2 production activates a 46 kDa MAPK, which in turn induces the expression of antioxidant genes and up-regulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The activation of MAPK also enhances H2O2 production, forming a positive amplification loop.(3) Water stress also induces the activation of a 46 kDa MAPK, which is dependent on the accumulation of ABA and H2O2 production induced by water stress and involved in the up-regulation of the expression and the activities of antioxidant enzymes.(4) ABA-induced H2O2 production mediates NO generation, which in turn activates a 46 kDa MAPK and results in the up-regulation in the expression and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in ABA signaling. NO-independent signaling is also involved in ABA- and H2O2-induced antioxidant defense.

本项目的主要研究结果如下：（1）ABA诱导的H2O2产生主要出现在叶肉细胞与维管束鞘细胞的质外体中，质外体H2O2的积累能够上调叶绿体与细胞溶质中抗氧化酶的活性；（2）ABA诱导的H2O2产生活化一个46kDa的MAPK，由此而导致编码抗氧化防护酶基因的表达与酶活性的上调；而MAPK的活化也能增强H2O2的产生，从而形成一个正的反馈调节环；（3）水分胁迫也能诱导一46kDa MAPK活化，这一MAPK活化依赖于水分胁迫诱导的ABA积累以及H2O2的产生，同时参与水分胁迫诱导的抗氧化防护基因的表达与抗氧化酶活性的上调；（4）ABA诱导一个依赖于H2O2的NO产生，NO活化一个46kDa的MAPK，从而导致抗氧化防护基因的表达以及抗氧化酶活性的上调；同时一个不依赖于NO的信号转导途径也存在于ABA诱导的抗氧化防护过程中。

The effects of situ hybirdization study show that the expression of NO-i increases evidently in the cytolymph of bone. It proves that GSL can obviously increase the content of NO-i and promote the synthesis of bone and secretion of iNOS.

组化及原位杂交研究结果显示，在软骨细胞的胞浆中，NO合成酶的表达显著增加，表明骨疏灵能明显增加NO合成酶的含量，并能促进成骨细胞合成和分泌NO合成酶。

Results: Tyroserleutide can significantly increase the life span of H22 tumor-bearing mice by 50-70% in dosages of 20ug/kg/d-80ug/kg/d,specially the high dosage of 80ug/ml can significantly increase the life span by 69.24%; Tyroserleutide can inhibit the growth of transplanted hepatocellular tumor BEL-7402 in nude mice,the rate of tumor inhibition was25-50% in dosages of 40-320ug/ml ,the inhibition rate of 160ng/ml was 44.03%; Tyroserleutide could inhibit the growth of H22 and BEL-7402 tumor in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneously, tumoricidal activity of tyroserleutide against BEL-7402 cell line in vitro was observed hinger when compared with the control group(P.05).The inhibition effect of 72hrs was higher than 24hrs,48hrs,96hrs.And specially the high dosage of 160ug/ml can significantly inhibit growth of tumor cell by 19.36%. Tyroserleutide can activated PEM and marked enhance cytotoxicity andphagocytosis functions in vitro and in vivo. The OD values of cytotoxicity were observed hinger when compared with the control group(P.05).The cytotoxicity of macrophages activated by tyroserleutide against BEL-7402 and B16-F10 was 35.58%,61.2% in vitro and21.39%,47.63% in vivo. The cytotoxicity rate of nude mice PEM was 32.86%,73.07% in vivo. Furthermore, tyroserleutide alone could stimulated the production of IL-1B TNF- a and NO by M . Tyroserleutide and LPS could synergistically activated M producing more cytotoxicity effectors. Conclusion: Tyroserleutide had inhibition functions against hepatoma carcinoma .Its possible mechanisms were related to the affect that Tyroserleutide could inhibit tumor cell directively and induce tumor cells apoptosis or death effectively.

结果：酪丝亮肽能显著延长腹水型肝癌H_(22)小鼠的生存时间，给药剂量为80μg／kg／d时疗效最显著，达到69.24％，在20μg／kg／d-80μg／kg／d剂量范围内生命延长率为50-70％，给药剂量与荷瘤鼠生存时间呈现一定量效关系；酪丝亮肽能显著抑制人肝癌BEL-7402移植瘤裸鼠的肿瘤生长，给药剂量为160μg／kg／d时疗效最显著，抑制率为44.03％，并且在40-320μg／kg／d剂量范围内抑制率为25-50％，给药剂量与肿瘤抑制率呈现一定量效关系；酪丝亮肽体外对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞生长有一定的抑制作用，在作用72hrs时各浓度酪丝亮肽对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用较24hrs、48hrs、96hrs明显，其中浓度为100μg／ml时抑制率达19.36％；酪丝亮肽体内外均能增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤：体外作用中巨噬细胞对BEL-7402、B16-F10的杀伤功能明显增强，与效应细胞对照组相比有显著性差异(P＜0.05)杀伤率分别达到35.58％、61.2％；体内作用中巨噬细胞对BEL-7402、B16-F10的杀伤功能明显增强，与生理盐水对照组相比有显著性差异(P 。05)，杀伤率分别达到21.39%、47.63%；裸鼠腹腔巨噬细胞经酪丝亮肤作用后对BEL一7402、B 16一F10杀伤功能明显增强，与生理盐水对照组相比有显著性差异(P.05)，最高杀伤率分别达到32.86%、73.07%；酪丝亮肤能增强单核巨噬细胞系统的吞噬功能，吞噬指数与生理盐水组比较有显著性差异(P.05)；酪丝亮肤体外作用能促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌合成细胞毒效应分子IL一lp、TNF一Q和NO，与效应细胞对照组相比有显著性差异(P.05)；酪丝亮肤体内作用能促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌合成细胞毒效应分子IL一lp、TNF一Q和NO，与生理盐水对照组相比有显著性差异(P.05)；酪丝亮肤能促进鼠巨噬细胞株R戌W264.7分泌合成IL一1p和NO，IL一1日、NO水平分别在酪丝亮肤作用24hrs、12hrs时达到高峰，酪丝亮肤单独应用能提高巨噬细胞的分泌合成功能，而且酪丝亮肤能与LPS协同作用刺激巨噬细胞的细胞毒效应分子分泌合成。

The effects of the medicine of "shegan mahuang decoction" on NO and IgE in the serum of model animals were observed. The effect of "shegan mahuang decoction"on NO in BALF of model animals were observed. The effect of prednisone on NO and IgE were observed also.

观察中药加味射干麻黄汤对模型动物血清及BALF中NO水平及血清中IgE水平的影响，还观察了西药强的松对哮喘大鼠NO水平的影响。

The serum NO level during the during the period of attacks of MWA is higherthan that during the intermittent of control group, and this show that NO plays an important role in the during the periord of MWA.

二组比较，电针组降低血清NO的幅度明显优于尼莫地平组（P.05），说明电针疗效优于尼莫地平；其机理可能是电针治疗后，血清NO浓度的降低，从而抑制NO超过一定积蓄而致脑血管异常扩张。

Endurance training increased the activity of iNOS in liver , thereby in2 creasing the level of NO , but the high level of NO didn' t result in the oxidative injury of the liver. I t indicated that the protection or oxidative injuri of nitric oxide in nonalcohol fatty liver was closely related to the physiological state of life.

耐力运动引起非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠肝脏iNOS活性升高，导致 NO水平升高，而高水平的 NO并未造成肝脏的氧化损伤，说明 NO水平的升高并不一定造成氧化损伤，其是否具有氧化损伤作用与机体的生理状态有关。

Reyan No 4:Paspalum atratum cv. Reyan No 11:Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Reyan No 5: Panicum maximum jacq cv.

Reyan No.4，热研11号黑籽雀稗(Paspalum atratum.cv Reyan No.11)，热研5号柱花草Stylosanthes guianensis cv。

The concentration of NO and NO2 increases with increasing of frequency and increasing of the distance between electrodes. Electrode polarity unconspicuously affects the concentration of NO and NO2. The distance between electrodes considerably affects radio of NO2 /.

结果发现：放电频率、电极间距对NO 和NO2的浓度影响显著， NO 和NO2浓度随放电频率和放电间距的提高而增加，电极极性对NO 和NO2浓度的影响不明显，电极间距对 NO2 /的比值影响明显。

Results AE from CM had vasodilating effect on the contracti on of mesentery blood capillary in guinea pigs and the contraction of rat thoracic aortic ring induced by l0μmol/L phenylephrine, even under the condition of pre-treating with glibenclamide (1μmol/L) or propranolol (3μmol/L). When the endothelium of the rat thoracic aortic ring was removed, AE from CM had not vasodilating effect hut constrictive effect. AE from CM could also increase the contents of NO, NOS and cNOS in the aortic tissue and had no obvious effect on the NO content in plasma and iNOS in aortic tissue of rats.

结果 桑白皮丙酮提取物有抑制去甲肾上腺素收缩豚鼠肠系膜微血管的作用，抑制苯肾上腺素(10μmol/L)收缩离体大鼠胸主动脉环的作用，预加优降糖或普蔡洛尔(3μmol／L)后仍然有松弛作用；大鼠胸主动脉环去内皮后药物无松弛作用，反而起收缩作用；显著升高血管的NO和NOS、cNOS含量，对大鼠血浆的NO和血管iNOS的含量影响不大。

Our results indicated that (1) aortic rings with and without endothelium precontracted by NE to decreased pH induced a relaxation; aortic rings with and without endothelium to increased pH induced a contraction; there is no significant difference in presence and absence of endothelium .(2)NO levels had no significant change in isolated aortic rings presence and absence of endothelium to decreased pH and increased pH ;(3)sulfite levels in isolated aortic rings with endothelium reduced to decreased pH and increased pH. sulfite levels in aortic rings without endothelium had no remarkable change.

结果：①NE预收缩后，pH值降低对内皮完整和去除内皮胸主动脉血管环呈舒张作用；pH值升高对内皮完整和去除内皮胸主动脉血管环呈收缩作用；内皮完整组与去内皮组相比无显著性差异；②pH降低和升高对内皮完整和去除内皮血管环中NO含量无显著性影响；③pH降低和升高均可使内皮完整血管组织中亚硫酸盐含量减少，对去内皮血管中亚硫酸盐无显著性影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。