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This paper first reviews definitions of new infectious diseases and the status of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. Then it describes the worldwide distribution of new infectious diseases. Finally, it presents an analysis of important factors contributing to new infectious diseases including a combination of biological, environmental, ecological, social and economic factors.

本文先讨论「新兴传染病」的定义及新现与再现两类传染病的目前情况；再论述「新兴传染病」的全球分布趋势；最后，分析「新兴传染病」与人类健康相关的研究，初步归纳出：生物、环境、生态、社会及经济等因素与「新兴传染病」崛起的相互关系。

This home features upgraded bathroom and kitchen with granite counter tops, new tile, refinished hardwood floors, freshly painted inside and out, newer windows, new garage door, new fixtures and hardware.

这个房屋有升级的浴室和厨房和花岗岩柜台，新的瓷砖，硬木地板，新的内外油漆，新窗口，新车库门，新装置和设备。

Socially entrepreneurial innovation can be manifested in three ways: in new product and service development; in the use of existing goods and services in new more socially productive ways; in reframing normative terms of reference to redefine social problems and suggest new solutions.

公益创业的创新性体现在三个方面：新产品和新服务；现存产品和服务的更多社会效应的新用途；构造社会问题的新标准新定义和提出新的解决方案。

Adult education reintegrates the connotation, reorganizes the denotation and reorients the aim of polyfunctions such as social service, economic contribution, scientific progress and talent training in the new situation of social transformation, which generates new central competing advantages and expands new territories for the total development of adult education.

功能变迁是当代成人教育主动应对现代社会动态发展的革命性变革与创新，是成人教育在社会转型的新形势下，对社会服务、经济贡献、科技进步、人才培养等多元功能内涵的重新整合、外延的重新梳理、目标的重新定位，进而生成新的核心竞争优势，为成人教育整体发展开拓新平台。

We had the idea that if you wanted to have a minimal system, then it was necessary to take changes or new requirements to the system and repeat the basic system cycle over again, reintegrating these new requirements with the original requirements to create a new system.

我们认为，如果你想使系统保持最精简的状态，就必须要把所要做的变化或新的功能引入到系统中并重复基本的开发过程，使新的需求和旧的需求融合在一起而成为一个新的系统。

The city fathers have been gearing up for the event for decades but recently preparations have gone into overdrive: virtually every street has been repaved, new drains have been dug, new kerbs laid, new footpaths made and the length of the vast subway system doubled in a year.

上海的历任领导者其实数十年前就开始了城市改造，但为了世博的最新一轮准备工作实在有些过头：在一年内，上海几乎重铺了所有街道，挖了新的下水道，铺设了新的路沿，修建了新的人行道，将庞大的地铁线路延长了一倍。

In this dissertation, the studies on teacher professional development in western countries were schematized and a concise description of research history was given, which would be the basis for understanding the research background and assimilating the existing research results. A new teacher development phase dividing criterion, professional self-development consciousness, was suggested and a new analyzing framework, i. e. self-renewal approach to professional development, was raised. These formulations would make for better understanding of the teacher's active role in professional development, strengthen teacher's professional self-development consciousness and advance the development. At present, great efforts is being made to increase the teachers' qualities. The self-renewal approach, as a new professional development conception, would demonstrate its significance in practice.

本文对国外教师专业发展的研究作了系统梳理，比较清晰地描述了研究轨迹，为进一步了解有关研究背景、吸收借鉴国外研究结果奠定了一定基础：提出了教师专业发展阶段划分的新标准——自我专业发展意识和教师专业发展新的分析框架——&自我更新&取向教师专业发展，这将有助于深化理解教师本人在教师专业发展的积极作用，并强化教师的自我专业发展意识，促进教师专业发展；在我国目前正大力提高教师素质的今天，&自我更新&取向教师专业发展作为一种新的专业发展理念，也有着重要的现实意义。

The new situation symbolizes a new flight in the pre-school education reform and signalizes the new development in its theory of curriculum.

几年来，济南市的幼教工作者在教育理念上发生了根本变化，在教育实践方面也有不少的改革与创新。

Sometimes karma is good in nature and skews a dream into a positive outcome such as a new job that you love or a new residence that is beautiful or finding a new outfit that you love wearing.

有时候，业力的性质是良好的。它会将梦想偏转到一个正面的结果中，比如一份你喜欢的新工作，或者优美的新居住地，或者找到一个你所爱用的装备。

I've found in books new friends, new societies, new words.

我在书中发现新的朋友、新的社会、新的词汇。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。