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Furthermore, the first-order optimality condition and its equivalent reformulations for generalized semi-infinite max-min programming with a non-compact set are presented using the lower-Hadamard directional derivative and subdifferential.2. Chapter 3 studies the gradient-type methods for unconstrained optimization problems. Section 1 proposes a new class of three-term memory gradient methods. The global convergence property of the method is established. Furthermore, in order to improve the convergence property of the method, a new class of memory gradient projection methods is presented with the property that the whole sequence of iterates converges to a solution to the problem under the conditions such as pseudo-convexity and continuous differentiability of objective function. In section 2, two new classes of methods, called gradient-type method with perturbations and hybrid projection method with perturbations, are proposed. In these methods, non-monotone line search technique is employed, which makes them easily executed in computer.

第3章研究了无约束优化问题的梯度型算法，第1节提出了一类新的三项记忆梯度算法，讨论了算法的全局收敛性，进一步提出了一类新的具有更好收敛性质的记忆梯度投影算法，并证明了该算法在函数伪凸的情况下具有整体收敛性，第2节在非单调步长搜索下提出了带扰动项的梯度型算法及其混合投影算法，这两类算法的一个重要特征就是步长采用线搜索确定而不象许多文献中那样要求步长趋于零，这样更容易在计算机上实现，在较弱的条件下证明了这些算法的全局收敛性，数值算例表明了算法的有效性。

Instead, the vector must allocate new memory to hold the existing elements plus the new one, copy the elements from the old location into the new space, add the new element, and deallocate the old memory.

于是， vector 必须重新分配存储空间，用来存放原来的元素以及新添加的元素：存放在旧存储空间中的元素被复制到新存储空间里，接着插入新元素，最后撤销旧的存储空间。

Attitude toward individual's affairs: Follow the criteria of value of personal interest orientation and deemphasize "selflessness" and group's interest orientation; have strong sense of participation and seek for high efficiency; comply with rational standard and arrange everything in a scientific, planned and orderly way; have some good ideas, willing to accept and able to adapt to new living environment, new ideas and new mode of conduct quickly.

1对待个人事务的态度：遵循个人利益取向的价值标准，并不强调"无私"和团体取向；具有参与意识，讲求效率；遵循理性化标准，将一切纳入科学合理的计划性轨道；思路灵活，乐于接受并能够很快适应新的生活经验，思想观念和行为方式。

In recent years, some new water glass sand processes have been developed according to the rule of water glass theory. We have developed the coating transferring precision casting process to be used in mold making. A new reinforce 2000 multiplex denature water glass has been invented. The specific binding strength is improved 1～1. 5 times and the addition amount of new water glass can be reduced to 2. 8～3. 0% for CO〓 sand process.

近年来，在水玻璃砂基础理论的指导下，相继开发出了一系列新型水玻璃砂工艺，例如将涂层转移法精密铸造技术应用于模具的制造，开发了强力2000型多重变性水玻璃粘结剂等，使水玻璃的比粘结强度提高了1～1.5倍，CO〓硬化的水玻璃加入量降低到2.8～3.0％，在生产实践中得到了应用。

Faced with the challenges of the 21st century, dual Group 1 will continue to revitalize national industry to have any, mind patriotic aspirations industry, link between past and future, seize the opportunity for China's accession to the WTO, to promote "pragmatic solidarity, quality and innovation" entrepreneurial spirit, in full new corporate image, superior product quality, welcoming the dawn of the new century, great strides forward, and create a new dual Group One glory.

面对21世纪的挑战，双一集团将继续以振兴民族工业为已任，胸怀产业报国壮志，承前启后，继往开来，把握我国加入WTO的契机，弘扬"团结求实，优质创新"的企业精神，以全新的企业形象，超群的产品质量，迎着新世纪的曙光，大踏步前进，开创双一集团新的辉煌。

In line with enterprising spirit on 'sincerity originally company, use CAD/CAM electromechanics integrated technology, in a conscientious and down-to-earth manner to devoted to new product new industrial research and development of new technology, it is accurate to regard time of fighting in time of price that the high-quality products are reasonable as, loyal service is very domestic and international every user.

公司本着"诚信为本，科技为本，人文为本"的企业精神，运用CAD/CAM，机电一体化技术，兢兢业业致力于新产品，新工艺，新技术的研究开发，以优质的产品，合理的价格，及时的交货时间，忠诚服务好国内外的每一位用户！欢迎国内外朋友垂询与合作！

Based on the previous literatures, the following major innovation works were carried out in this dissertation:(1) The derivatization reaction conditions of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine with sensitive derivation reagent in aqueous system were studied and two new methods were developed for the assay of them by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography and micellar electrokinetic chromatography with LIF detection. The sensitivity and analysis times were greatly improved compared with the previous reports;(2) A new method of CZE with indirect LIF detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of six coumarin compounds (esculin, esculetin, isofraxidin, genistein, naringin and sophoricoside) with fluorescein as the probe. The proposed method enlarges the application range of LIF detector, and provides new approach for the analysis of certain compounds difficult to derivatize;(3) Based on the above research, an MEKC with indirect LIF detection method for the simultaneous determination of adenine and guanine in DNA extracts from fungus, maize and soybean was established;(4) A new method for the investigation of the complexes formed between human serum albumin and ampicillin sodium under the simulated physiology conditions using laser light scattering technique was developed.

该论文在综述前人工作的基础上，开展了如下未见文献报道的创新性的研究工作：(1)使用灵敏的衍生试剂对麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱在水体系中的衍生反应条件进行了系统研究，建立了微乳电动色谱-激光诱导荧光检测法和胶束电动色谱—激光诱导荧光检测法测定麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的灵敏分析新方法，与以前的报道相比，灵敏度和分析时间均有很大改善；(2)使用荧光素钠作为背景荧光试剂，建立了同时分析测定六种黄酮类化合物(秦皮甲素、秦皮乙素、异秦皮定、染料木素、柚皮苷和槐角苷)的毛细管区带电泳—间接激光诱导荧光检测新方法，扩大了激光诱导荧光检测的应用范围，对难衍生化合物的分离分析提供了一种新思路和新途径；(3)以荧光素钠作为背景荧光试剂，建立了一种用于同时测定食品提取DNA中的腺嘌呤和鸟嘌呤含量的胶束电动色谱—间接激光诱导荧光检测新方法；(4)用动态和静态激光散射法研究了模拟生理条件下人血清白蛋白与氨比西林钠盐相互作用所形成的复合物，为药物分子与蛋白质的相互作用、药代动力学等的研究提供了一种新思路。

The new research achievement in recent years was synthesized to expound the new mechanism of eutectoid reaction in steel,to make a new explanation for the mechanism of the interphase precipitation and to renew the concept of pearlite .

本文综合近年来的研究成果，阐述了钢中共析分解的新机制，对于"相间沉淀"机理做了新的解释，重申了珠光体的新概念。

In order to preserve more details while erasing mixed noise, a new algorithm based on the structure of modified trimmed mean filter was proposed. Characters of the new one are: 1 replaces the median filter with center weighted median which shows better performance in preserving details; 2 uses the filtering result to estimate the deviation of Gaussian noise. The estimating result is used to change the filter parameter, so the new algorithm is robust.

为了在滤除退化图像中混合噪声的同时能更好地保护图像的细节，文中提出了基于改进均值滤波结构的新算法，其特点为： 1）用中心加权中值滤波算法替代MTM 方法中的中值滤波算法以更好地保护细节； 2）提出了一种直接利用滤波结果来估计混合噪声中高斯噪声方差的方法，估计的结果被用于滤波器系数的调整，使得新算法有很好的鲁棒性。

After《Provision of continuing to educate of primary and junior school teacher》of Ministry of Education promulgate in 1999, the training of teachers spread like a raging fire, after promoting a new curriculum reform up to the 2003, the important of the training of teachers meaning much more. On one hand new curriculum reform needed to raise the teachers diathesis during efficiently teachers, but on the other hand, the training of teachers is low effect and flabbiness, how to raise the actual effect with a new curriculum education background leads to go into the textual research then.

自从1999年教育部关于《中小学教师继续教育规定》颁布之后，教师培训便如火如荼地展开了，到2003年国家推行新课程改革以后，教师培训的重要意义更加突显出来，一方面新课程改革需要通过高效的教师培训来提高教师的素质，可另一方面，却是教师培训的低效和软弱无力，如何提高新课程背景下教师培训的实效性便引入了本文的研究。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。