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To explore the characteristics and significances of ATP-activated currents in rat different primary sensory neurons, the experiments were performed on neurons freshly isolated from rat dorsal root ganglion, trigeminal ganglion and nodose ganglion using whole-cell patch-clamp .

为探讨大鼠不同初级感觉神经元ATP-激活电流的电生理学特征及意义，本实验在新鲜分离的大鼠三种初级感觉神经元标本上，应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录，对外加ATP引起的膜电流的变化进行了研究。

However, since Barrington's nucleus contained not only projection neurons to the lumbosacral spinal cord, but also those to the nucleus of the solitary tract and thalamus, and dendrites of neurons located in its surrounding nuclei extend into the nucleus.

然而，由于 Barrington's 核的核区内包含有临近核团神经元的树突，同时还含有投射到孤束核和丘脑的投射神经元。

FasL immunopositive neurons were observed in cerebral cortex, especially in pyramidal neurons of lamina Ⅱ and Ⅴ, cerebellar nuclei, diencephalon, and brain stem nuclei involving pontine nucleus, vestibular nucleus, cochlear nucleus, spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve, hypoglossal nucleus, nucleus ambiguous and reticular formation.

间脑中有FasL阳性神经元分布。在脑干，Fas主要分布于前庭神经核、迷走神经背核和三叉神经脊束核的神经元；FasL广泛分布在脑桥核、前庭神经核、三叉神经脊束核、舌下神经核、蜗神经核、网状结构和疑核。

Objective:To explore the signaling transduction of CCK8 in mice neurons by proteomics methods.Methods:Cultured neurons were labled with [32P]orthophosphate (2.03×105Bq/ml) for 2h in 5%CO2 at 37℃. DMEM and CCK8 (10-7mol/L) were added to respectively for 0, 5, 20, 60 and 120min.

目的：通过应用蛋白质组学的方法与技术，对八肽胆囊收缩素(octapeptite cholecystokinin， CCK8)作用于乳小鼠皮质神经元后蛋白质磷酸化状态进行分析，为初步探讨胆囊收缩素在皮质神经元中的信号转导途径提供依据。

We observed the ultrastructure of cerebral cortex of E18 fetal rat under electron microscope. Lower differentiating neurons lack processes and no synapse between the perikaryon and processes of other neurons.

从胚胎期出现开始到生后相当一段时间内，大脑皮质处于分化发育过程中，可将之分作不同的阶段。

J. Hopfield, who is a physical scientist of USA, are very instructive. At first, he wrote two papers which is published in PNAS in 1982 and 1984 respectively and a discrete model was proposed. And then, cooperating with D. W. Tank, a new continuous model was proposed. This kind of network is a feedback one. Every neurons outputs go back to act as the inputs of other neurons.

Hopfield的工作是非常有意义的，他分别在1982年和1984年，在美国PNAS杂志上提出了离散网络模型的概念，然后又与Tank合作于1985年提出了一种连续的网络模型，这种网络模型是一种自反馈的神经网络结构，每个神经元的输出都有反馈，作为其它神经元的输入。

The fibers of these neurons projected into the pia mater at the surface of cortex. This finding implied that Type I cells may be CSF-contacting neurons, which act as both sensor and secretor.

形态学结果还提示Ⅰ型细胞可能是一种特殊类型的细胞——触液神经元，能感受脑脊液(cerebrospinal fluid，CSF)中信息和分泌CRF入CSF。

Results:(1)The NPY neurons are typically small and medium neurons with triangular or spindle-shaped perikaryons. Most of them have 1-3 slender, poorly ramified primary dendrites.

结果：(1)NPY和POMC神经元在形态上存在明显差异，典型的NPY神经元细胞体较小，成三角形或纺锤形，大部分具有1-3个细小的，不分枝的一级树突。

Results:(1)NSCs form typical neurospheres under adequate concentration in vitro, which are immunoreactive to Vimentin. Typically and terminally differentiated mature neural cells could not be found without the stimulus of mitogen or only under NSCs self-regulation and self-induction;(2)NSCs derived from hippocampus maintain the character of stem cells much longer with better biological behavior; NSCs passed to the 2-3 passage are the best to graft since they have not differentiated;(3)NSCs cultured in vitro could self-regulate and differentiate into neurospheres and progenitors positively immunoreactive to specific antibodies representing neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells;(4)There are widespread synaptic contacts between various kinds of descendent clones and cells;(5)Neurospheres could be formed without the stimulus of mitogen when NSCs and OECs are cocultured. Many neurospheres and cells immunoreactive to Vimentin, GFAP, MAP2, 02, p75NGFR, GFAP, S-100, Synaptosis, Vimentin, Tau (Tau is only positive in cocultureof HNSCs+HOECs) could be found;(6)The supernatant fluid triturated from adult rat spinal cord stimulates NSCs to differentiate into neurons, but do not terminally differentiate;(7)Fibroblasts and O4 oligodendrocytes are not supported to grow under this culture medium.Part II: Isolation, culture and identification of rat and human olfactory ensheathing cellsOlfactory ensheathing cells/glials are the most powerful cells to enable the regeneration of axons in the central nervous system.

结果表明：①在适宜的浓度体外培养条件下，NSCs能形成典型的神经干细胞克隆球，Vimentin免疫荧光染色阳性，单靠丝裂原刺激或NSCs自我调节和分化诱导，不会产生典型的终末分化的成熟神经细胞；②海马源性的NSCs维持干细胞特性的时间更长，生物学特性更优；③传至第2～3代的NSCs尚未分化时移植最佳；④体外培养的NSCs能自我调控分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、O2少突胶质细胞、雪旺氏细胞染色阳性克隆球和前体细胞；⑤各种子代克隆球和细胞存在广泛的突触联系；⑥NSCs与OECs联合培养时，不需丝裂原刺激即能形成克隆球，获得大量Vimentin、GFAP、MAP2、O2、p75NGFR、GFAP、S-100、Synaptosis、Vimentin、Tau(Tau只有人HNSCs+HOECs联合培养时出现阳染)染色阳性的克隆球和细胞；⑦脊髓研磨后的上清液刺激神经干细胞向神经元方向分化，但并不出现终末分化；⑧本研究培养条件不利于成纤维细胞、O4生长。

The results showed thattrichoid sensillum consists of a cuticular hair and three sensory neurons.Thehair wall is penetrated by many pores.The lumen of the hair is filled withsensillum fluid within which the dendrites of the neurons are immersed.

用透射电镜对枣粘虫雄蛾触角感器的超微结构进行了观察，结果表明，每个毛形感器是由几丁质表皮毛及位于其下的三个感觉神经细胞构成，几丁质表皮毛上有许多孔与外界相通，毛腔内充满感受器淋巴液。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了