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Objective To study the morphological and functional effect of pinealectomy on CRH neurons in paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus as well as thefunction of melatonin supplementation, enrich the research of the effect of pinealbody and melatonin on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,provide theoreticalevidence of the effect of pineal body and melatonin on immune function andimmune-associated disease such as tumor and autoimmune disease.

目的： 研究松果体及其褪黑素对大鼠下丘脑室旁核CRH 神经元形态和功能的影响以及补充褪黑素的作用，丰富松果体及褪黑素对下丘脑——垂体——肾上腺轴影响的形态及功能方面的研究，为进一步揭示松果体及褪黑素对免疫功能以及免疫相关性疾病如肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病等的影响机制提供理论依据。

The main work of the thesis is summarized as follows:(1) The pitchfork bifurcation of a bidirectional associative memory neural network with three neurons is considered. The pitchfork bifurcation curve can be obtained.

本文主要研究工作如下：(1)研究了含三个神经元的BAM神经网络模型的Pitchfork分支问题，得到了一条Pitchfork分支曲线，并给出了分支曲线图。

To observe the effect of serum containing Carapax et Plastrum Testudinis in inducing the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells of adult rats into neurons.

观察龟板含药血清体外诱导成年大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经元的能力。

Field potentials in a approximately 1 mm(2) region were simultaneously measured using an 8x8 microelectrode array with a polar distance of 150 microm. The extracellular solution contained nifedipine and tetrodotoxin to suppress activities of smooth muscle cells and neurons, respectively.

约1毫米面积的ICC-MyP 区域的场电位通过极距为150um的8x8微电极阵列进行测量，含硝苯吡啶和河豚毒素的细胞外液能抑制平滑肌细胞和神经元。

And then the arthritis gradually alleviated and recovered on day 28. In addition, GAL-LI greatly rised in DRG, but decreased in laminae Ⅰ,Ⅱ of the dorsal horn following the development of polyarthritis (n=3 or 5). In the arthritic rats (n=5 or 6), EA at points could alleviate hyperalgesia and ongo- ing pain, and prevent the rats suffering from polyarthritis, meanwhile the in- crease of CGRP-, SP-and GAL-LI was reduced.Ⅱ. Expression of α-CGRP,β-CGRP and GAL mRNAs in DRG neurons of the arthritic rats and acupuncture effects

实验还观察到在动物形成变态反应性关节炎时，DRG中GAL-LI明显增加，但在背角却明显减少（n=3）；3、经电针治疗（佐剂后20天内隔天电针双环跳穴一次，持续15min）关节炎动物炎症反应减轻，同时脊髓背角和DRG中CGRP-和SP-LI的增强反应减弱，GAL-LI在DRG中的增加和在背角中减少的反应也均有所减弱，并使关节炎动物以及脊髓背角和DRG中上述递质的变化恢复加快。

Recently, it is proved that SP is also involved in pain modulation, acupuncture analgesia and immunoin- hibition. However, the role of CGRP in them is unclear Therefore, the dy- namic changes of CGRP-, SP-like immunoreactivity and expression ofα- CGRP,β-CGRP mRNAs in dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord in the arthritic rats were observed by using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques combined with behavioral tests, respectively. Subsequently, the effects of this peoptide on the develoment of polyarthritis were investigated by intrthecal injections of CGRP and its antagonist in the rats. In addtion, GAL is a novel neuropeptide which coexists with CGRP and SP, but it may play a different role in the primary sensory system. Thus, we also observed the changes of GAL and GAL mRNA in DRG neurons and the spinal cord. The results were as follows

为此本文拟在大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型上，结合行为学测定、用免疫组织化学、原位核酸分子杂交技术观察脊髓背角及DRG中CGRP、SP、α-CGRP mRNA、β-CGRPmRNA的动态变化及电针的影响，此外，用鞘内和外周注射CGRP的工具药探讨了CGRP在佐剂性关节炎发生发展中的可能作用；甘丙肽（Galanin，GAL）也是新近发现的一个神经肽，并与CGRP和SP共存于DRG及初级传入末梢中，在神经损伤模型中脊髓CGRP、SP减少，GAL则明显增加，显示GAL与CGRP和SP的作用可能不同，因此在佐剂性关节炎模型上也同时观察了GAL和GAL mRNA的变化，实验结果如下

This enzyme catabolizes norepinephrine and serotonin in their respective presynaptic neurons, and such inhibition could be expected to increase the availability of neurotransmitters.

此酶分解代谢去甲肾上腺素和 5-羟色胺在他们各自的突触前神经元。这样的抑制作用可能预期增加神经递质的利用率。

Indeed, upregulation of KHC in the presynaptic neurons alone is sufficient for the induction of LTF.

事实上，单独的突触前神经KHC上调就足以诱导LTF。

In hippocampal neurons, ENH appears to be localized in presynaptic nerve terminals.

在海马的神经元上，PDLIM5蛋白分布在突触后，是阿尔茨海默症发病期过渡表达蛋白AD7c-NTP的同源蛋白。

Yes. For the neurons, we use a special protease from hepatitis C virus.

答：是的。对神经元，我们用了一种来自丙肝病毒的专门的蛋白酶。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新