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Immunoprecipitation and cresyl fast violet staining were employed to detect the expression of relevant message proteins, activation and the death of the hippocampal neurons.results it was found that hpk1 was expressed in rat hippocampus neurons.conclusions administration of hpk1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides can significantly protect hippocampus neurons from apoptosis without dose-dependence.

使用免疫沉淀和焦油紫染色法等技术检测相关信号蛋白的表达、活化水平及神经元细胞的死亡。结果在大鼠海马神经元中有hpk1的表达，脑室注射as-odns大鼠海马ca1区存活锥体细胞明显增多。结论 hpk1反义寡核苷酸对缺血/再灌注引起的海马神经元凋亡具有保护作用。

SP can affect the function of DRG neurons by activing the non-selective cation channels combining with its selective NK1 receptor. ATP depolarize DRG neurons and make some sodium channels closed so that the amplitude of action potentials and Vmax decreased which result in decreaced releasing of neurotrasmitters from DRG neurons, the way is same like GABA-induced presynaptic inhibition by activing the non-selective cation channels possibly combining with P2X2/3-receptor.

SP可能通过开放非选择性阳离子通道从而影响DRG神经元膜的兴奋性；ATP通过与P2X2/3-R结合开放非选择性阳离子通道，使得A类神经元膜预先去极化，引起膜钠通道部分关闭，动作电位幅值降低，斜率Vmax减小，使神经末梢递质释放减少，其作用与GABA介导的突触前抑制类似。

The former, intracranially complements patients some factors, most frequently with TH gene to compensate scanty of intrastriatal DA and improve the symptoms of the patients, while have little resistance to the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons; The latter provide variety of neurotrophic factors, most specific being the glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor , to protect the residual DA neurons in the nigrostriatal system from further pathogenic injuries, while have little benefit to those DA neurons with irreversible damage, and them cannot offset the already-existing symptoms.

前者是给宿主脑内补充某些因子，主要是DA合成过程中的限速酶TH基因，以补充纹状体内DA含量的不足，减轻患者的症状，但对DA能神经元的进行性退变没有治疗效果；后者则是提供各种神经营养因子其中最具特异性的为GDNF，以保护黑质一纹状体系统内剩余的DA能经元免受病因的继续损害但对已发生不可逆性损害的DA能神经元并无拯救作用，无法消除已出现的症状。

It is composed of variable neurons, Lagrange multiplier neurons and Kuhn-Tucker multiplier neurons which are interconnected.

该模型由变量神经元、Lagrange 乘子神经元和Kuhn-Tucker乘子神经元相互连接构成。

The table of contents include 15 parts, early events in neural development; neuronal differentiation; pattern and positional information; movement and migration of neurons; axon outgrowth and the generation of stereotyped nerve patterns; neuronal death during development; trophic effects of targets on neurons; long-term effects of neurons on their targets; formation of synapses; selective synaptic connections; the molecular basis of neuronal recognition; rearrangement of developing neuronal connections; maintenance and modifiability of synapses; the development of behavior; principles of neural development.

内容包括15部分，早期神经发育事件；神经细胞分化；模式与位置信息；神经元运动及迁移；轴突生长与固定的神经模式的形成；发育过程中的神经细胞死亡；对神经细胞靶向的营养效应；神经细胞对它们靶向的长期效应；突触形成；选择突触连结；神经细胞识别的分子基础；发育过程中神经细胞连结的重置；突触保持和改变；行为发育；神经发育原理。

In the normal rats (n=5、6), CGRP-LI were mainly present in small and some medium-sized neurons and the primary afferent fibers and ter- minals in laminae Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅴ,Ⅹ and Lissauer's tract of the spinal cord; GAL- and SP-LI were mainly present in small neurons and the superficial layers of the dorsal horn. After the adjuvant injection both CGRP-and SP-LI were in- creased corresponding to the development of arthritis. On day 2, CGRP-and SP-LI were moderately increased in laminae Ⅰ,Ⅱ and the posterior commis- sure of the spinal cord and small neurons in DRG, while SP was obviously in- creased in the superficial layers and DRG. On day 14, CGRP-LI were marked- ly enhanced in the above regions with the development of polyarthritis. Some- times many strongly stained long fibers could be seen in the posteriot commis- sure.

在DRG中，CGRP主要分布于小和中等神经元之中，SP和GAL主要分布于小神经元之中；2、注入弗氏完全佐剂（含冻干结核菌0.5mg）后第2天动物（各5~6例）产生具有明显红、肿、热、痛和痛敏的急性关节炎，免疫组化实验观察到注射侧脊髓背角和DRG中CGRP-和SP-LI明显增加；在佐剂后第14天，动物患肢肿胀、痛敏和自发痛均进一步加重，部分动物健肢也出现红肿，产生多发性关节炎时，脊髓背角浅层和DRG中CGRP-和SP-LI增加更为明显，并且在灰质后联合中可见许多深染的CGRP-LI长纤维；在佐剂后第21和28天，随着佐剂性关节炎的逐渐恢复，脊髓背角和DRG中CGRP-和SP-LI也接近正常。

So EA therapy could decrease the loss of neurons by restraining apoptosis and putrescence of brain neurons, accelerate the functional recover of damaging neurons and improve studying and memory ability.

电针治疗可以通过抑制神经元细胞凋亡和坏死两个途径减少皮质和海马神经元的丢失，促进受损神经元功能的恢复，改善VD模型大鼠的学习记忆障碍。

These data suggest that newborn neurons in adult "critical-period" songbirds are originated only from the ventricular zone of telencephalon and distributed mainly in the NCM, and that they are functional neurons with typical features of mature neurons.

本实验的结果表明，成年"临界型"鸣禽端脑中的新生神经元可能起源于端脑室带区，大量新生神经元主要分布于NCM，到达目的脑区的新生神经元已经发育成熟并具有功能神经元的特征。

The results showed that NOS positive neurons were present in the hippocamp us CA1～CA3） in which NOS strong positive neurons were in CA2; NOS medium positive nucleus in the nuclei nervorum non-cranialium (red nucleus、 su bstantia nigra; NOS positive neurons in the nuclei nervorum cranialium (oculomo tor、 accessory oculomotor nucleus, facial nucleus, abducens nucleus); NOS posit ive nucleus in the pons reticular formation; NOS positive nucleus in the raphe n ucleus and in the plexus chorioideus ventriculi quartic and plexus chorioideus v entriculi tertii.

结果显示：海马(CA1～CA3区)NOS为阳性、其中CA2 为强阳性++）；非脑神经核(红核、黑质为中等阳性；而脑神经核(动眼神经核、动眼神经副核、面神经核、展神经核)NOS为阳性；脑桥网状结构为阳性；缝核群为阳性；第三脑室和第四脑室脉络丛为阳性。

From the histology, partial neurons of 15 d model rats got atrophy, and most neurons in 1 month model rats got cytomorphosis and atrophy, however partial neurons in 2 month model rats recovered normally.

从组织学看：15d时部分细胞萎缩，1月时大部分细胞变形萎缩，2月时部分细胞形态恢复正常。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了