查询词典 nerve fibers

The result showed that IFN-γ was distributed over 20 nucleus of the hypothalamus, such as nucleus mamillaris medialis, nucleus pre-opticus medialis, area anterior hypothalami, nucleus ventromedialis, nucleus reunions, nucleus paraventricularis, nucleus supra optic, and etc. Many of IFN-γ positive nerve fibers were found in supra optic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, nucleus mamillaris medialis and etc. Nerve fibers and astrocytes IFN-γ immunoreactive positive cells spreaded in paraventricular nucleus, nucleus pre-opticus lateralis, nucleus pre-opticus medialis and etc. At the same time, IFN-γ is also observed obviously in adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. IFN-γ also expresses in follicular and corpus luteum.

结果显示，IFN-γ分布于乳头体内侧核、视前内侧核、下丘脑前区、腹内侧核、连接核、室旁核、视上核等20个核团中，各部分核团细胞着色程度深浅不一；在视上核、室旁核分泌部乳头体内侧核等有大量的阳性神经纤维；同时在室周核、视前外侧核、视前内侧核等13个核团中散布有一些阳性星形胶质细胞，与阳性神经细胞交错共存；腺垂体中腺细胞和神经垂体中神经纤维均有IFN-γ表达；卵泡和黄体中也有IFN-γ存在。

A large number of myelinated nerve fibers and a small number of unmyelinated nerve fibers regenerated.

再生大量的有髓神经纤维及少量的无髓神经纤维。

There were abundant networks of NPY-Ir nerve fibers in the pial mater. It is expected that NPY released from these nerve fibers might be one source of Y〓-R ligands in SMCs, especially in the arteries under second branchs and in the arterioles.

在软脑膜中有密集的含NPY-Ir神经纤维网，所分泌的NPY可能是脑动脉（特别是第二级分支以下的小动脉和微动脉）平滑肌细胞中〓受体的配体来源之一。

Results A few stained neurons were observed at the inferior salivatory nucleus and dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve and nerve fibers at double sides, while the superior salivatory nucleus was not marked. The labeled neurons and fibers at the both side were found in the facial nucleus, nucleus ambiguous and motor trigeminal nucleus.

结果 在一般内脏运动核、双侧迷走神经背核、下泌涎核均可看到少量逆行标记细胞及神经纤维末梢，但上泌涎核未发现任何标记，在特殊内脏运动核的面神经核、疑核、三叉神经运动核团双侧均见逆行标记细胞及神经纤维终支。

Toluidine blue staining procedure showed that the neural complex consisted of cerebral ganglion, neural gland and loose connective tissue; the cerebral ganglion was divided into three parts as cerebral cortex, medullary layer and transitional zone; the neural gland was composed of glandular lobules, closely apposing at ventral side of the cerebral ganglion; the neurons and nerve fibers were colored deeply, making a distinct contrast with the background, while neither the neurons nor the nerve fibers were distinctly colored by Golgi-argentraffin staining procedure.

甲苯胺蓝染色法显示，神经复合体由神经节、神经腺和疏松结缔组织组成；神经节分为皮质部、髓质部和过渡带；神经腺位于神经节背侧面，由腺小叶组成；神经细胞呈深蓝色，神经纤维呈浅蓝色，与背景反差较大。Golgi镀银法显示的结果不理想，神经细胞和神经纤维着色不明显。

Results Following orchiectomy 7d,the amount of CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the AP of the rat increased significantly, with the tortuous varicose fibers more densely distributed than that of NOR and the amount of varicosities increased significantly, while the thick fibers were more thicker than that of NOR,and many thin fibers were sent out from the thick fibers, and the varicosities were more larger.

结果 睾丸摘除7d后，大鼠垂体前叶CGRP免疫反应神经纤维发生了显著变化，表现为膨体型纤维较正常组稠密，分支增多，迂曲成片，盘绕成网，分布更加广泛，膨体数量显著增多；粗纤维较正常组粗，且发出许多迂曲盘绕的细纤维，膨体形态变大。t检验显示，OX组与NOR组垂体前叶内CGRP免疫反应神经纤维的平均面积密度差异显著，OX＋V与NOR组差异显著。

objective:to compare the fixation effects of nerve fibers by three fixatives, 10% formaldehyde, acetone, and bouin so as to provide experimental proof for making rapid frozen section of nerve fibers clinically.

作者单位：包头医学院组织与胚胎学教研室，内蒙古包头 014010；解剖学教研室；生物化学教研室

Objective:To compare the fixation effects of nerve fibers by three fixatives, 10% formaldehyde, acetone, and bouin so as to provide experimental proof for making rapid frozen section of nerve fibers clinically.

作者：何金鑫宋芳崔成立李斌作者单位：包头医学院组织与胚胎学教研室，内蒙古包头 014010；解剖学教研室；生物化学教研室

Objective:To compare the fixation effects of nerve fibers by three fixatives, 10% formaldehyde, acetone, and bouin so as to provide experimental proof for making rapid frozen section of nerve fibers clinically.

作者：作者：何金鑫宋芳崔成立李斌作者单位：包头医学院组织与胚胎学教研室，内蒙古包头 014010；解剖学教研室；生物化学教研室来源：医学期刊/大学学报收藏本文章

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。