查询词典 nerve block

Objective To observe the feasibility and efficacy of continuous brachial plexus block with peripheral nerve stimulator location.

目的 观察周围神经刺激器定位用於连续臂丛神经阻滞的可行性和效果。

METHODS: Fifty children, aged 1-2 yr, undergoing radial clubhand repair were randomly assigned to receive infraclavicularbrachial plexus block guided by nerve stimulatoror ultrasound in combination with light general anesthetic.

50名年龄为1-2岁，进行桡侧畸形手修复的儿童，被随机分配接受神经刺激法或者超声引导法锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞，这两组均联合使用少量全身麻醉药。

We conclude that dual and triple injectionof local anesthetic guided by nerve stimulator increases theefficacy of coracoid block when compared with a single-injectiontechnique.

我们得出结论，在神经刺激器指导下两或三次注射局麻药与单次注射相比，能增强臂丛神经阻滞的效果。

Balloonfish toxin can cause central nervous paralytic, block breaks nerve conduct between muscle, make optional flesh appears have a sex paralytic; Direct block breaks skeletal fiber; Hemal dilate and artery press the week outside bringing about to be reduced quickly.

河豚毒素可引起中枢神经麻痹，阻断神经肌肉间传导，使随意肌出现进行性麻痹；直接阻断骨骼纤维；导致外周血管扩张及动脉压急剧降低。

If the 6 points are correctly located on the body surface and the depth of puncture is well controlled,anesthetic block of suprascapular nerve and axillary nerve should be an effective method to treat frozen shoulder.

对肩胛上神经和腋神经及其分支选择6个穿刺点进行正确的体表定位和熟练掌握穿刺阻滞的深度，可成为治疗肩周炎的有效方法。

If the 6 points are correctly located on the body surface and the depth of puncture is well controlledanesthetic block of suprascapular nerve and axillary nerve should be an effective method to treat frozen shoulder.

对肩胛上神经和腋神经及其分支选择6个穿刺点进行正确的体表定位和熟练掌握穿刺阻滞的深度，可成为治疗肩周炎的有效方法。

Methods 300 primiparas were divided into three groups. When Group A has uterus contractions with anal fold releasing, bilateral pudendal nerve was conducted by block anesthesia with lidocaine hydrochloride. When Group B has the uterus contractions with head visible on vulva gapping 2～3 cm, lidocaine hydroctdoride bilateral pudendal nerve was carried out by block anesthesia. Group C was not carried out any measures.

将300例宫口开全的初产妇分为三组，每组100例。A组宫缩时有排便感且肛门褶松开时应用盐酸利多卡因行双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉；B组在胎头拨露2～3 cm时应用盐酸利多卡因行双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉；C组不进行镇痛处理。

Ulnar nerve was stimulated with train-of-four(interval=12sec,frequency=2Hz) via surface elec- trodes at the wrist. The TOF was used to monitoring of neuromuscular function.antagonism of a phase II block.The Group A patients of phase II block was antagonized by a cholinesterase inhibitor .

26例择期手术患者随机分为A、B两组，分别在诱导期给予不同剂量的氯化琥珀胆碱(suxamethonium chloride or succinylcholine chloride)，随后予以0.1%的琥珀胆碱静脉滴注维持肌松，用四个成串刺激（Train-of-Four Stimulation，TOF）监测肌松，对发生Ⅱ相阻滞的患者一组使用新斯的明拮抗，另一组则不使用。

Cinylcholine respectively during induction of anesthesia ,then continous 0.1% suc?cinylcholine infusion to maintain muscular relaxant.Ulnar nerve was stimulated with train-of-four(interval=12sec,frequency=2Hz) via surface elec- trodes at the wrist. The TOF was used to monitoring of neuromuscular function.antagonism of a phase II block.The Group A patients of phase II block was antagonized by a cholinesterase inhibitor .

26例择期手术患者随机分为A、B两组，分别在诱导期给予不同剂量的氯化琥珀胆碱(suxamethonium chloride or succinylcholine chloride)，随后予以0.1%的琥珀胆碱静脉滴注维持肌松，用四个成串刺激（Train-of-Four Stimulation，TOF）监测肌松，对发生Ⅱ相阻滞的患者一组使用新斯的明拮抗，另一组则不使用。

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。