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Through analyses of the field tracer migration test results of tritium in unsaturated loess located in semi arid area, it is found that the longitudinal concentration distributions of 3H are symmetry at higher relative concentration and non symmetry at lower relative concentration.

通过氚在黄土包气带现场示踪试验结果的分析，发现3H纵向分布在相对浓度较大时是对称的，而相对浓度较小时则不对称。

Qiu Tong, Li DerongShanghai Research Institute of Building Science, Shanghai 200032）Abstract: This paper summarized the application of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems in China for building energy conservation. Theoretical analysis and experiments, which were based on the relative technical approvals, regulations and standards for application, showed that four kinds of ETICSs, especially the noncombustible heat preservation system had good safety performance against wind load on the condition of reaching the relative standards or regulations.

本文综述了各种不同外墙外保温系统在我国建筑节能领域的应用现状与发展趋势；在原有建筑节能以及风荷载对建筑影响研究的基础上，参照相关国内外标准、技术规程对各类外墙外保温系统的抗风荷载性能进行了理论及实验分析，结果表明各类外墙外保温系统尤其是无机不燃外墙外保温系统在施工质量完全达标的情况下，具有较高的抗风荷载性能安全系数。

A relative decline in the industrial manufacturing sector has also resulted from the increase in the relative role in the economy of nonmaterial commodities and services.

制造业部门的相对下降也是经济中非物质商品和服务的比重上升的结果。

ABSTRACT In this dissertation, fault-tolerance of redundant manipulators is thoroughly investigated. First, inherent relationship between the dexterity and fault-tolerance of single-redundancy manipulator is discussed. Both the manipulability and the relative manipulability are utilized for measuring the kinematic fault-tolerance of the manipulator with one joint failure. Furthermore, the relative manipulability is used for measuring dexterity loss resulted by one joint failure, and the relationship between the fault-tolerance measurement and null space vector of Jacobian matrix is established.

本文对冗余自由度机器人的答错性问题进行了深入的分析和迭付：首先研究了单冗余度机器人运动学灵活性与容错性之间的内在关系，提出以故障构形的可操作度和相对可操作度来度量机器人的运动学容错性，用相对可操作度来度量关节故障给机器人操作灵巧性造成的损失，并建立了容错性度量指标与Jacobian矩阵零空间向量之间的关系。

From this point of view,it ispointed out that there are two kinds of commonalities among diverse prob-lems,one is the relative commonality and the other is the homogenous co-mmonality,and it is advanced that the approach to effectively make useof the relative commonality is to divide models suitably and to set up theorganic relation between models convenient to their composite conection oncondition that models are shared,and the approach to effectively make useof the homogenous commonality is from the view point of different problemsneeding their special models for solving,to convert their special modelrepresentation to comparatively general model depth representation on theprinciple of independence and share of commonality.The articles in thepast has made deep and complete research on model management in aspectssuch as model division and compositive conection,and a number of theoriesand methods are provided,but none of them is in relation to model depthrepresentation.

从这一角度出发，作者指出，在多样性问题中存在两种共性，一种是问题相关共性，另一种是问题同构共性，并提出有效利用问题相关共性的方法是在实现模型共享的前提下对模型进行合理划分和建立便于模型复合联接的各模型之间的有机联系，而有效利用问题同构共性的方法则是从不同问题求解本质上需要的专用模型出发，根据独立与共享原理，将这些专用模型表示转化成较为通用的模型深层表示，以往的文献在模型划分、复合联接等诸方面对模型管理进行了较为深入全面的研究，并从这一角度提出了许多模型表示的理论和方法，但对模型深层表示方面尚没有涉足。

3The expected intangible loss of the asset, such as the relative decrease or degrade in the production capacity of the productive biological asset, or the quality of the agricultural products produced thereby as a result of appearance of new products, the relative outmode of the agricultural products of the productive biological asset as a result of the change of market demands.

该资产的预计无形损耗，如因新品种的出现而使现有的生产性生物资产的产出能力和产出农产品的质量等方面相对下降、市场需求的变化使生产性生物资产产出的农产品相对过时等。

3The expected intangible wear and tear of the asset, such as the relative decrease or degrade in the production capacity of the productive biological asset, or the quality of the agricultural products produced thereby, the relative outmode of the agricultural products of the productive biological asset which is a result of the change of market demand.

该资产的预计无形损耗，如因新品种的出现而使现有的生产性生物资产的产出能力和产出农产品的质量等方面相对下降、市场需求的变化使生产性生物资产产出的农产品相对过时等。

Compared with absolute length, relative length has smaller difference, which showed the average relative length of pachytene chromosomes

但14个细胞相同序号染色体的相对长度比较接近，最高标准差为0.435，最低仅为0.136，相对绝对长度而言，差异更小。

Therefore, we use the pairwise geometric attributes which are the directed segment relative angle and directed relative position.

为此，引入了用于描述目标轮廓的成对几何特征即有向相对角和有向相对位置。

I have calculated the species diversity for 3 layers (i.e. tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer) by means of various biodiversity index formulas and analyzed the relative species abundance using 9 models of the probability density distribution functions, such as, 3 Distribution (or Beta Distribution, Weibull Distribution, Lognormal Distribution, Poisson Distribution, Binomial Distribution, Negative Binomial Distribution ,Geometric Distribution, etc.. chi-square analyses were conducted on species distribution by using the chi-square test formulated by Pearson to test which distribution function is better, the result of chi square test made it possible to reject the other 8 distribution functions, theβdistribution function performs better than other probability density functions, it has a very close approximation, which can be used for the description of relative abundances of species in forest communities in this data set.

在相对多度研究上选用了九种概率分布模型，这九种概率密度分布函数依次为：贝塔分布、Weibull分布、对数正态分布、泊松分布、二项分布、负二项分布、几何分布、对数分布和奈曼A型分布，并进行了严格的卡方检验，结果表明：其它八种分布均被遭到拒绝，只有贝塔分布获得了通过，且拟合的结果非常理想。

A carrier gas such as nitrogen is directed through line 20 and valve 22 to connect with line 26 and mix with the gas sample.

如氮气之类的载体通过管线20和阀22引入，与管线26相通，与气体样品混合。

But for the most part, knaves and parasites had the command of his fortune

然而支配他的家产的大多是恶棍和寄生虫。