查询词典 natural selection

Natural selection in biology could work the same way, Dewar thinks:"In physics, to speak of natural selection is to ask, among all possible states, which is the one that nature selects."

生物中的自然选择也是按照同样的方法运行的，Dewar认为："在物理学中，我们说自然选择其实就是在问，在所有的可能状态中，哪一个是被自然所选的。"

The implication is that such irreducibly complex structures or machines cannot be built by natural selection because in natural selection, each component must be useful to the organism as the molecular machine is built.

像这样不能简化地复杂的结构或机器，不可能透过物竞天择来建立，因为在物竞天择中，建立分子机器时，每个元件对生物的功用必须同时存在。

As part of the disagreement about whether natural selection alone was sufficient to explain speciation, George Romanes coined the term neo-Darwinism to refer to the version of evolution advocated by Alfred Russel Wallace and August Weismann with its heavy dependence on natural selection.

是否单独自然选择就足以解释物种形成是争论的一部分；乔治·罗曼纳创造&新达尔文主义&一词，以代表阿尔弗雷德·罗素·华莱士和奥古斯特·魏斯曼所倡导的、强烈依赖自然选择的进化版本。

Darwin had initially decided to call his book An abstract of an Essay/on the/Origin/of/Species and Varieties/Through natural selection/, but with Murray's persuasion it was eventually changed to the snappier title: On the Origin of Species, with the title page adding by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.

最初，达尔文打算称他的著作为《随笔摘要/论物种和品种的起源/通过自然选择》，但穆雷说服他最终改为简明有力的名称《物种起源》，书名页加上《通过自然选择，或生存斗争中有利种类的保留》。

Natural selection in biology could work the same way, Dewar thinks:"In physics, to speak of natural selection is to ask, among all possible states, which is the one that nature selects."

生物中的自然选择也是按照同样的方法运行的，Dewar认为：&在物理学中，我们说自然选择其实就是在问，在所有的可能状态中，哪一个是被自然所选的。&

According to the features of natural language, conduct a deep study and comparison in many fields such as the algorithm optimization, features'representation and selection, multi-class problem, parameter selection and probabilistic output of support vector machine such that the general machine learning technology can be applied into natural language processing tasks. 2. According to the feature of lexical tagging , propose a novel disambiguate algorithm that improves the performance and efficiency of this task and provides a good fundament for deeper analysis.

针对自然语言处理任务的特点，对于算法优化、特征的表示和选择、多分类问题、参数选择和支持向量机的概率输出等问题进行深入的研究和比较，使自然语言处理任务可以应用通用的高精度机器学习方法得以解决。

Considering the multiplicity of existing and potential natural gas source in Shenzhen City , gas exchangeability , natural gas category and gas appliance adaptability , the selection of reference natural gas in Shenzhen City is discussed.

考虑深圳市目前及潜在天然气气源的多样性、燃气互换性、天然气类别及燃具适应性，对深圳市天然气基准气的选择进行了探讨。

Variabilis natural type; applied the theory of numerical taxology and cluster analysis method, classified the Q. variabilis of Qinba and Huanglong mountain; ascertained the standard and method of Q. variabilis plus trees selection about 30 ages in Shaanxi province different areas and selected 49 plus trees that were suitable to different areas; used isoenzyme analysis ,through the detection enzyme system of POD,GDH,EST and ADH ect, researched the genetic variation level of Q. variabilis natural populations and heredity construction of different Q. variabilis natural type .The result showed:(1) Q.

本文通过对栓皮栎地理分布的研究，确定了研究栓皮栎天然类型的地理区域；应用数值分类学原理，采用聚类分析方法，对秦巴山区和黄龙山区的栓皮栎天然类型进行划分；确定了陕西省不同地区30年左右栓皮栎优树选择的标准和方法，并选出了适宜不同地区生长的优树49株；采用同工酶技术，通过对POD、GDH、EST、ADH等4个酶系统的检测，研究栓皮栎天然群体遗传变异水平和不同栓皮栎天然类型的遗传结构。

A method to estimate the minimal sample size required for marker-assisted backcross breeding when both forground selection and background selection and background selection are conducted is proposed.

该文提出了一种估算在标记辅助回交育种中同时进行前景选择和背景选择所需群体大小的方法。

The thesis studies the difference between GWSs composition and traditional workflow applications, proposes the implement mechanism and technical architecture of GWSs composition and defines the reference model of GWSs composition platform, which provide holistic framework and top-level guidance for studying dynamic GWSs composition technology, designing GWSs composition platform, and implementing representative composite service applications.2、Theories and methods of composite process modeling and process analysis. This thesis proposes a meta-model of Geo-spatial Web services composition process defining from two aspects, i.e. process and resource. According to the process definition meta-model, we propose a new Geo-spatial Web services composition Process/Resource model based on extended WF-net, which effectively resolves the problems on uncertain activity option and dynamic variation of service in composite process model. A notion with regard to soundness of process model is proposed from three aspects, i.e. the structural correctness of process model, validity of data link and validity of resource. The notion of soundness definitely gives a dividing line on correctness of composite GWS process. This thesis analyzes sufficient and essential terms of soundness, and studies compositional property of WSCP/R-net models which provides an effective method to construct a soundness WSCP/R-net model. According to WSCP/R-net, the thesis proposes composition algebra and studies the properties of it. Based on the composition algebra, 6 kinds of composite process reduction rules are induced to optimize the process.3、Geo-spatial Web service QoS model and its application architecture. This thesis proposes an extendable GWS QoS model from three aspects, i.e. Geo-spatial Web Service itself, networking conditions and service consumer which can be used to distinguish GWSs with overlapping or identical functionality. We work over the QoS evaluation methods of composite GWS process which can be used to guide the execution, monitor and service selection of composition process. Aming at some disadvantages in traditional Web service discovery model for its lacking of QoS supporting, this thesis proposes a new service discovery model SDMQ supporting QoS constraints.4、Technologies of composite service executing. SSPL, a new composite service process language, is defined to overcome the disadvantages of existing composite services process languages which can not adapt to the dynamic variation of Geo-spatial Web Services. An algorithm is described to translate WSCP/R-net model into SSPL. The thesis studies the model of dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization, presenting an algorithm GODSS to resolve dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization in GWSs Composition.5、Design and implement experimental system and representative applications. According to the research findings presented above, we design and implement an experimental system and construct two representative applications to show that our achievements are effective and practical.

针对当前空间信息服务聚合研究中存在的若干不足，本文重点在基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合框架、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术、空间信息服务QoS模型及应用体系以及空间信息服务聚合流程执行等几个方面进行深入研究，主要工作和创新点包括：1、基于工作流的空间信息服务动态聚合框架：研究了空间信息服务动态聚合和传统工作流应用的不同，在此基础上提出了基于工作流技术的空间信息服务动态聚合实现机制、技术体系和参考模型，为研究空间信息服务聚合的关键技术、开发服务聚合支撑平台以及在此基础上构造特定的空间信息服务聚合应用提供了总体框架和顶层指导。2、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术：首先基于动态服务聚合流程建模的需求和空间信息服务动态变化的应用实际，从服务聚合的过程维和资源维出发定义了服务聚合流程定义元模型；与之相对应，对基本的WF-net进行扩展，提出服务聚合流程/资源网作为空间信息服务聚合流程的形式化描述模型，有效解决了现有的基于基本Petri网和工作流网的服务聚合建模方法所不能解决的不确定路径选择和服务的动态变化性问题；从流程结构正确性、数据依赖有效性和资源实现有效性三个方面提出了WSCP/R-net健壮性的概念，明确界定了聚合流程正确性的标准，并对WSCP/R-net模型的健壮性分析方法和WSCP/R-net模型的组合特性进行了研究；提出了空间信息服务聚合代数算子并对其性质进行了研究，在此基础上提出了6种聚合流程约简规则，从而可达到优化聚合流程、提高聚合流程执行效率的目的。3、空间信息服务QoS模型和应用体系：从服务本身、网络环境和服务消费者三个层次出发，提出了一个可扩展的空间信息服务QoS模型GSQM，实现了对空间信息服务的度量和评价，并对GSQM不同质量要素信息的客观、公正采集方法进行了研究；研究了空间信息服务聚合流程QoS评价方法，有效支持了空间信息服务聚合流程的执行、监控以及服务选择等操作；针对目前的服务发现模型仅支持服务功能性描述、不能有效满足空间信息服务应用需求的现状，提出了一种新的支持QoS约束的服务发现模型SDMQ，并对模型的实现框架进行了研究。4、空间信息服务聚合流程执行技术：针对现有的服务聚合流程描述语言不能有效满足空间信息服务动态聚合流程描述的特点，基于BPEL4WS提出了一种新的空间信息服务聚合流程描述语言SSPL；研究了满足健壮性要求的WSCP/R-net模型向SSPL的转换算法，在此基础上可以满足用户无显式编码来实现空间信息服务聚合应用的目的；研究了服务动态选择QoS全局优化模型，并在此基础上提出了一种解决服务动态选择QoS全局优化问题的实现算法GODSS.5、基于论文研究成果，设计实现了"空间信息服务聚合实验系统"，并构建了"矿产资源评价"和"城市消防应急响应"两个典型应用案例，对论文所述模型、方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

It is suggested that TDS can be used as a new method for the analysis of pedogenesis and climatic change.

总之，热处理过程中磁化率的变化能非常灵敏地反映磁性矿物的转化情况，而且，这种转化往往与样品所经历的土壤化作用强度密切相关，因此，TDS可做为分析成土作用强度和古气候变化的一种新方法。

Therefore, in this chapter, I will research into the conflict and contradiction of the paternity. Also, in this novel, the father's behavior of "He who loves well chastises well." is quite suspicious, one of the reasons is that the father thought his son belonged to him. And then, this thesis quoted Lacan's theory to touch upon that someone who has accepted the concept of patriarchal society, he will be influenced for his whole life. That also reveals that human being has no choice sometimes in this society.

因此本章会先就父子关系的冲突与矛盾做深入的探讨，小说中的父亲似有对儿子爱之深责之切的行为，其原因可能在於父亲将儿子视为所有物所致；其次，论文将引用拉冈相关理论，讨论在父权社会中，不论身分为何，只要是已受父权社会观念根深蒂固影响的人物，终生都将受其所苦，此也揭示出人生存於社会上的无奈。