查询词典 nationalism

The thesis probes into Schoenberg' thinkings about music history, music nationalism, music education, music criticism, and music creation, respectively. There are some important viewpoints in Schoenberg's music thought: Firstly, Schoenberg's ideas of music history, he believes relationship of tradition and revolution in art is dialectical in nature, and argues that evolution in music was determined by natural law, obviously influenced by Hegel's philosophical history idea. Secondly, the thesis sums up his viewpoints of music nationalism, such as "lay stress on art music, look down on folk music","lay stress on western European music, look down on non- western European music" by Schoenberg's account about the reasons of the formation of national art, the dominant of national art and nationality in music; in fact, this viewpoint of western cultural centricity is one of his i mportant viewpoints throughout his life; Thirdly, Schoenberg's concept of music education: in his thought a composing teacher should teach the students how to master "the tool of art", train them for their ability of "one major and various kinds of techniques", try his best to nourish the student's personality; Fourthly, Schoenberg set forth some opinions about modern music critics and the method of music criticism: a music critic must be equipped with the quality of a music expert, and render composer's idea to the public by his art imagination, but not his personal opinion,and Schoenberg stress the areas of music criticism on style and idea ; Lastly, Schoenberg's concept of music creation: Expressionism and organism are two important issues in Schoenberg's thinking about music creation.

本文通过对勋伯格各类论文、书信、演讲、专著等文稿的评述，分别探讨了作为音乐思想家的勋柏格的音乐历史观、民族主义音乐观、音乐教育观、音乐批评观与音乐刨作观，并在此基础上总结了折射在勋柏格音乐思想中的几个重要观点：一，勋柏格对于音乐历史的认识：通过德奥音乐界前辈给予他的创作启示，以及勋伯格对自己几个创作阶段的发展历程的总结，阐述了他对于艺术中的传统与革新之间的关系的辩证认识，并通过这些问题总结出音乐的演进与黑格尔倡导的&历史发展必然性&哲学观念之间存在着必然联系；二，勋柏格的民族主义音乐观：通过勋柏格对于形成民族艺术特征的根本原因、民族艺术中的支配现象、民间音乐与艺术音乐之间的比较、音乐刨作中的&民族性&问题的意识等方面问题的剖析与认识，总结了他的&重艺术音乐，轻民间音乐&、&重西欧音乐，轻非西欧音乐&的观点，从而突出了他的精神领域中的根深蒂固的&德奥音乐中心论&，这是一个浸润着浓厚的西欧文化中心论色彩的观点，也是贯串他毕生的音乐思想的重要观点之一；三，勋柏格对音乐教育问题的见解：勋柏格认为作曲教师应该教会学生掌握&艺术的工具&、在教学中努力做到&一专多能&、注重个性培养；四，勋柏格对当代音乐批评家与音乐批评方法提出的要求：音乐批评家必须具备作为一名音乐家的专业修养，要以真实、客观的态度对待音乐批评这门神圣的职业，充分运用内心的艺术联想向公众再现作曲家的意图，而不是将个人见解强加于受众；同时，批评家需要对艺术的过去与未来拥有全面的了解与较准确的预测，在音乐批评的具体范畴中，应将重心角度置于探讨音乐作品的风格与思想之间的关系方面。

This thesis aims at his thoughts about nationalism in the period of "New people theory". A new discovery of this thesis is the core of Liangs nationalism is connected with Meiji thoughts in Japan.

本文目的在于阐明&新民说&时期他的国家主义倾向，分析其国家主义的内在特点，及其与明治时代日本思想的关系。

The effect is primarily expressed by four ways as follows:(1)The collapse of the gigantic Ottoman Empire established the border of contemporary national countries in the Middle East;(2)When the Arab Nationalism came into being as a whole ideology,the mundane nationalism made a great progress in non-Arabic countries such as Turkey,Afghanistan and Iran;(3)Inspired by the nationalistic spirit,the wind of modernized reform blew all over the Arabia Islan...

战争对中东的影响主要体现在三个方面：一战使庞大的奥斯曼帝国崩溃，为中东现代民族国家疆界的基本形成奠定基础；阿拉伯民族主义作为一个完整的意识形态出现，世俗的民族主义在土耳其、阿富汗、伊朗等非阿拉伯国家蓬勃发展；在民族主义精神的激励下，现代化的改革之风吹遍了土耳其、伊朗、阿富汗和阿拉伯半岛。

The existence of outer power stayed in Arab world destroys union of geography, society, economy, culture and spirits of Arab world, separates the connection of different regions, obstacles development of Arab unity movement which is thought to be outer factors. However, deeper reasons should be found in inner world. Inner reasons include that political structure of Arab world and deeply dispute weakens the base of Pan-Arabism movement. In local region, the thoughts of Religious Minorities and Sectarianism deny and destroy Arab nationalism movement and its premise-the sincerity of country. Some non-Arab nations pursuit the unity of theirs own not the whole Arab nations. Regional Nationalism and Islamism obstacle the development of Pan-Arab unity movement Weak sovereignty of Arab countries and diverse political rules weaken the political base of movement of Pan-Arab unity. Unbalance of economy, culture and base of society between different regions also lag the unified movement.

内因包括：阿拉伯世界的政治结构和王朝间的利益纷争削弱了泛阿拉伯统一运动的群众基础和民族基础；在局部地区，宗教少数派及其宗派主义思想不断地否定和破坏阿拉伯民族主义运动及其前提——对祖国的忠诚；阿拉伯世界中一些非阿拉伯民族的独立诉求挑战地区的统一；地区民族主义和伊斯兰主义阻碍了泛阿拉伯统一运动的开展；孱弱的国家主权限制了阿拉伯国家在民族事务上的能动性，而多样的政治体制则削弱了泛阿拉伯统一的政治建构基础；阿拉伯各地区或国家间经济、文化和社会发展的不平衡以及整体上的滞后削弱了泛阿拉伯统一运动的经济、文化和社会基础，等等。

China is mainly threatened by two respects: On one hand ,other major countries constraints on China; On the other hand, Mongolian nationalism in particular, extreme nationalism, pan-Mongolian of Inner Mongolia and recognition of the impact of competition for Identity.

在地缘安全方面，中国主要受到两方面的威胁：一是地区格局中各大国在蒙古地缘优势争夺中对中国的制约，另一方面是蒙古国民族主义特别是极端的泛民族主义对内蒙古的渗透和影响。

The traditional media of these countries often follow the politics of acrimony which sometime augment nationalism and hatred between these countries.

这些国家的传统媒体常有政治上的强硬态度，免不了放大国家主义以及国与国间的敌对关系。

Nationalism and resistance in Algeria as a prelude to the Algerian War of Independence .

这是他一生宣讲三民主义的最后、也是最有系统、最详尽的篇章。

In part two, I will expound Ning Diao-Yuans nationalism that contains the thought of Anti-Man and Anti-imperialism .

第二部分论述宁调元的民族主义思想。

Owing to the death of Yuan Shikai in 1916, the warlords and the deprivation of Western powers, China saw a rise in nationalism. People supporting the CPC believed that anti-capitalism and anti-imperialism helped solve the problems of China.

在1916年袁世凯逝世后，中国被割据的军阀和西方列强压榨得虚弱不堪，激发了民族主义的崛起，支持共产主义的人士都相信反对资本主义及帝国主义能解决中国的问题。

The fifth part has summarized the main characteristic :( 1) Zhang Tai-yans ideology is rich of academic atmosphere.(2) Preliminary national integration and ethnic equality thinking.(3) in the aspect of anti-imperialism, he preferred to radical nationalism.(4) In the treatment of traditional Chinese culture, his nationalist ideology of the neo-conservatives have distinctive characteristics.

第五部分探析章太炎民族主义思想的主要特色、章太炎的民族主义思想有浓郁的学术气息；初步的民族融合和民族平等思想；精英民主与权威主义相结合的国家政体制度；在反满反帝方面他偏向于激进民族主义，在对待中国传统文化时他的民族主义思想又具有鲜明的保守主义者的特点。

Although translator has turned from being a crystal ball by which the original culture can unrestrainedly penetrate to another crystal ball by which the target culture can freely traverse, the translator's personal embodiment, in the process of cognitive act, are still absent in translation studies. Translators are still subjects without body or simply disembodied subjects.

译者虽然由原语文化可以自由穿透的玻璃球变成了译语文化可以自由穿越的玻璃球，但译者认知过程中的个体体验在翻译研究中依然缺席，译者依然仅仅是一个没有躯体体验的主体。

Chillingly, he claimed our technology is 'not nearly as sophisticated' as theirs and "had they been hostile", he warned 'we would be been gone by now'.

令人毛骨悚然的，他声称我们的技术是'并不那么复杂，像他们一样，和"如果他们敌意"，他警告说，'我们将现在已经过去了。