查询词典 nasal horn

Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the changes of resonance characteristics of the nasal cavity, including nasal sinuses, and nasal airway resistance after endoscopic sinus surgery, through objective measurement of nasality and NAR before and after ESS.

目的 通过对慢性鼻窦炎Ⅰ型患者行内窥镜鼻窦手术(endoscopic sinus surgery， ESS)前后鼻音及鼻腔阻力检测，探讨此S后鼻腔鼻窦共鸣特性的改变及鼻腔阻力的变化特点。

The characteristics of skull bones are; underdevelopment of paramostoid process of the occipital bone; unjointing of zygomatic process from its arch with no supraorbital foramen; formation of semiglobal structure by petrous temporal bone;no naso -maxillary notch between nasal bone and nasal process of premaxilla; unobvious facial surface of lacrimal bones;well-developed nasal process of premaxilla; no facial crest of maxillae's exterior;...

头骨的主要特征是：枕骨的颈交不发达，眶上突不与颧弓相连，无眶上孔；颞骨岩部形成半球形鼓泡，鼻骨与颌前骨的鼻突之间不形成鼻颌切迹；泪骨几乎无颜面部；颌前骨的鼻突发达；上颌骨外面无面嵴；腭骨发达；犁骨腹缘后部不与鼻腔底壁接触；下颌骨支下缘无血管切迹、垂直部后下方有一角突。

Nasal mucosa observation under rhinoscope: pale or grey or light purple nasal mucosa; swelling turbinate; thin or thick discharge in the nasal cavity.

鼻粘膜观察：经鼻窥镜观察见患者的下鼻甲粘膜颜色多呈苍白、淡白、灰白或淡紫色，下鼻甲多肿胀，鼻腔内多留有水样分泌物。

Methods we developed a surgical technique to correct short nose by increase tissue volume in nasal tip ,nasal alae and the columella. The technique contain three steps:① Wide dissection and prolongation of the outer skin envelope to cover the lengthened framework by a "V" formed surgical approach from columellar base to inner edge of alae.②Silicone or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene implant is used to correct saddle nose and to length nasal framework.③A papilionaceous concha composite graft containing a elliptic ear cartilage and a onlay "V" formed skin and subcutaneous tissue is grafted to inner edge of columella and alae. Results we performed the procedure on 8 patients.

通过8例短鼻缺陷受术者采用蝶形复合耳郭组织游离移植到鼻尖鼻翼以增加鼻尖鼻翼的组织量以达到延长短鼻的目的，手术分为三个步骤：首先从鼻小柱基底到两侧鼻翼内缘做V形切口，广泛分离鼻尾端皮肤粘膜；然后，通过硅胶或ePTFE假体材料间插并缝合于两侧大翼软骨之间延长鼻尖部软骨支架；最后，将蝶形耳后复合组织块移植到切口部以增加鼻尖鼻翼部的组织量，术后观察该法延长短鼻的实际效果。

The potential prognostic factors (nasal obstruction, cross-sectional area of nasal cavity, rhinosinusitis severity, preoperative olfactory loss, nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis, concurrent septoplasty and turbinal surgery, postoperative steroid treatment) for improvement in olfaction after FESS were also evaluated in these patients.

手术六个月后，这些病患的嗅觉功能再用同样方法来评估，同时分析可能的预后因子〈鼻塞、鼻腔截面积、鼻及鼻窦炎严重度、术前嗅觉丧失程度、鼻息肉、过敏性鼻炎、附带鼻中膈鼻甲手术、术后类固醇治疗〉对术后嗅觉功能改变的影响。

Results Experimental group, 36 cases of patients cured, 32 cases of control group; the experimental group post-operative complications occurred in 2 cases, 11 cases of control group Conclusions To retain part of the uncinate process and opening up sinus surgery may be to maximize the retention of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses of the physiological function and structure of the integrity of the nasal cavity to be effective in the preservation of protective barriers to reduce the uncinate process behind the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses by the direct impact of air flow.

对照组行经典的鼻内镜手术。手术后根据主观症状及复查时鼻内镜下局部状态对疗效做综合评价。结果实验组术后治愈36例，对照组32例；实验组术后并发症发生2例，对照组11例。结论保留部分钩突的鼻窦开放术，可最大程度保留鼻腔、鼻窦的生理功能和结构的完整性，可有效地保存鼻腔的保护屏障，减少钩突后方的鼻窦受到鼻腔气流的直接冲击。

The cause of the disease is not appropriate nasal medication, including the use of the role of a strong nasal vasoconstrictor nasal drops, liquid concentration is too high, non-isotonic liquid, such as overdose or long-term medication.

该疾病的原因是不恰当的鼻腔用药，包括一个强大的鼻腔血管收缩作用，使用滴鼻液，液体浓度过高，非等渗液体，如过量或长期服药。

Common symptoms included unilateral headache and nasal obstruction,pus or bloodstain in the nasal discharge and caseous matter in the nasal cavity.

鼻窦真菌病主要临床特征是：①单侧鼻窦受累，尤其是上颌窦；②单侧头痛鼻塞、脓血涕或鼻腔干酪样物；③ct检查常见鼻腔鼻窦有软组织块影或钙化斑；④鼻腔鼻窦有阻塞因素存在。

The available operation range in clivus and anterior cranial base by transsphenoidal opproach was also observed during the operation under the help of neuronavigational pointer. Forty-one patients underwent sublabial, transseptal, transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary region guided by Surgical Microscope Navigation was studied. The piriform aperture was 27. 2mm±3. 1 , the origin of inferior nasal concha 30mm±4. 1, the origin of middle nasal concha 27. 9mm±4. 3. These data are important for transsphenoidal approach, because the piriform aperture and the origin of both inferior and middle nasal conchas restricted the opening width of the Hardy specula. If any distance of these bony structures was much less than the mean one, may cause inadequate opening of the specula blade and resulting dissatisfied operative field. Microadenomas or cystic tumors perhaps can be operated even in a narrow exposure, but large or giant solid adenomas may need a proper evaluation including changing the operative approach or performing a bilateral submucous inferior conchotomy or posterior ethmoidectomy firstly.

手术中还利用CT导航系统观察棒研究了经口—鼻蝶窦入路在斜坡区和前颅底能够达到的实际有效操作范围，为扩大经蝶窦入路手术在斜坡区和前颅底的应用奠定基础，在国内外尚未见同类报道。41例垂体瘤患者梨状孔平均宽度27.2mm±3.1，下鼻甲根部附着处间距30mm±4.1，中鼻甲根部附着处间距27.9mm±4.3，这是经口—鼻蝶窦入路手术中，对Hardy双瓣鼻窥器张开限制的主要骨性结构，若患者这些径线值明显小于平均值，则可能因为鼻窥器打开不充分而影响手术暴露，当然对于垂体微腺瘤和以囊变为主的垂体瘤可能影响不大，但对于大和巨大垂体瘤必须要有充分的准备，包括评估是否改用其他入路，或先行鼻甲切除再行经蝶手术。

The autologous conchal cartilage shield graft can make the nasal highlight obvious and diminish the nasal tip overrotation, this technique is useful in nasal augmentation.

自体耳廓软骨盾牌形移植对于预防或减轻隆鼻术后鼻尖上旋、增加鼻尖表现点、保护鼻尖皮肤方面具有不可替代的作用。

You can do some assertiveness training.

你可以进行一些自信训练。

We were well on the path to making a rear-wheel-drive global platform," says Mays."

我们正致力于建立一个后轮驱动的平台，"Mays这样说道。"