查询词典 mutations

In recent studies, the mutations in BMPR-Ⅱand/or misexpression of this gene were found in primary pulmonary hypertension, as well as in a number of cancers. However, the transcriptional regulation of this gene was still unclear.

近年来更是发现BMPR-Ⅱ基因突变或表达异常与家族原发性肺动脉高血压和多种肿瘤的发生和转移有关，然而有关BMPR-Ⅱ基因表达的调控目前所知甚少。

In recent studies,the mutations in BMPR-Ⅱand misexpression of this gene have been found in primary pulmonary hypertension and the development and metastasis of several cancers.However, regulation of the expression of BMPRII is poorly understood so far.

近年来发现BMPR-Ⅱ基因突变或表达异常与家族原发性肺动脉高血压及多种肿瘤的发生和转移有关，然而有关BMPR-Ⅱ基因的表达调控目前知之甚少。

Ancient mutations in mitochondrial DNA are the same as those found in the cells of many tumors.

古老的线粒体DNA变化与在许多肿瘤肿块的细胞中所发现的一样。

Ancient mutations in mitochondrial DNA are the same as those found in the cells of many tumors.

而在线粒体 DNA 中的远古突变和许多瘤细胞中发现的情况是一样的。

Ancient mutations in mitochondrial DNA are the same as those found in the cells of many tumors.

发生在古代人的线粒体 DNA 突变和许多肿瘤细胞的突变一样。

The experiments of cross and back cross showed that these mutations were belonged to recessive mutation of nucleus gene and controlled by a recessive monogene.

通过正反交试验表明，大豆叶绿素缺失突变属于核基因隐性突变，而且是由一隐性单基因所控制的。

Objective To study the significance of mutations of HBV preS and S genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

目的 研究外周血单个核细胞中乙型肝炎病毒包膜抗原基因变异的意义。

Mutations were seen only in 8.3%(1 of 12) of serous(n=9)and mucinous(n=3) cancers com...

PTEN基因突变是子宫内膜癌发生的早期事件，并与预后良好的临床病理特点相关。

Results: There were 4 mutations which were insertion, replacement and non-sense muta ti on in 13 cases of VHL patients or candidates.

结果：对13例VHL患者或有家族史者检测，发现4例有突变，突变类型有碱基插入、置换和无意义变异。

Majority of acute leukemias in infant, either acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloblastic leukemia, posses a chromosomal translocation affecting the 11q23 chromosome region which specifically inoles the mixed-lineage leukemia gene.1-3 Most pediatric leukemias with MLL rearrangement clearly hae a remarkably short latency.1,4 MLL gene rearrangement is also associated with secondary leukemias of patients preiously treated with the topoisomerase II inhibitors.4 The latency of these secondary leukemias is similarly ery short.4 Of note, the concordance rate of leukemia with MLL rearrangement in infant monozygotic twins approximates to 100%,1,4 and identical breakpoint in the MLL gene was shared in these pairs of identical twin infants with concordant ALL.1,4 Moreoer, the unique and clonotypic MLL fusion gene was detectable in neonatal blood spots for Guthrie cards from non-twined indiiduals who subsequently deeloped ALL.1,4 These obserations indicate not only that MLL fusion is generated in utero but also that MLL fusion proteins could be capable of inducing leukemic transformation with few, if any, secondary mutations.2,3,4 Greaes et al speculate that an MLL fusion protein somehow promotes rapid transition to full-blown disease in patients ia ery rapid clonal expansion, genetic instability, or inhibition of DNA damage repair.4 In general, for clonal expansion of malignancies, tumor cells often hae acquired strategies that escape immune sureillance of the hosts.5,6 Immune escape mechanisms also contribute to the failure of graft-ersus-leukemia effect after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.7 Therefore, leukemia cells could acquire some immune escape mechanisms during leukemogenesis.

绪论 绝大多数的婴儿白血病，不管是急性淋巴性白血病或是急性骨髓性白血病，在染色体11q23部位有染色体易位的情况；这个部位的染色体易位牵连了混合谱系白血病基因。大多数具有MLL基因重排的儿童白血病潜伏期明显短很多。MLL基因重排也和经拓扑异构酶II抑制剂治疗后的继发性白血病有关。这些继发性白血病的潜伏期类似地都非常的短。很重要的是，单卵双胞胎婴儿同时患有或同时免于MLL基因重排阳性的白血病的一致性接近100%；并且同样患有ALL的同卵双胞胎的MLL基因的断裂点是一致的。而且，这种独特的克隆特异性的MLL融合基因能够从那些得ALL的非双生个体出生时的血斑标本中检测到。这些发现表明MLL融合基因产生在胎儿还在子宫的是后，而且MLL融合蛋白能过和其他的基因突变一起诱导白血病的产生。Greaes 等推测MLL融合蛋白在某种情况下同过快速克隆增殖，遗传的不稳定性或是DNA损伤修复的抑制促使疾病迅速地全面爆发。恶性肿瘤细胞的克隆增殖通常已经获得了逃避机体免疫监视的能力。免疫逃避机制也归因于异体外周血干细胞移植后移植物抗白血病作用的失效。所以，白血病细胞在白血病的产生过程中可能获得了某些免疫逃脱机制。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。