查询词典 mutation

Among Ashkenazi Jewish subjects, either mutation was found in 15% of patients and 3% of controls, and among non–Ashkenazi Jewish subjects, either mutation was found in 3% of patients and less than 1% of controls.

在北欧犹太族的受试者中，15%的患者和3%的对照组发现变异，而在非北欧犹太族受试者中，3%的患者和少于1%的对照组发现变异。

We studied the optimizaiton, accuracy and reliability of this technique by definition the genotype of five common mutation loci of β-globin gene in the carrier with CD41-42 mutation and that of β-globin gene of normal people's single lymphocyte and single blastomere.

我们采用了一种利用单细胞标本通过二重巢式PCR并结合ARMS技术确定中国人群中广泛的β-地中海贫血突变谱的基因型的策略，通过对含有β-珠蛋白基因CD41-42突变的携带者5个该基因常见突变位点基因型的确定，以及正常人的单个淋巴细胞、单卵裂球的β-珠蛋白基因该5个位点基因型的确定，对这种技术条件的优化、准确性和可靠性进行了研究。

A new particle swarm optimization, PSO with bounded mutation operator, was developed. In contrast to the original PSO, in this algorithm, PSO with bounded mutation operator would make the particles redistributed cquably close to boundary when place of particle exceeds feasible region during iteration.

提出了一种新的粒子群优化算法——带边界变异的PSO，其原理是：在迭代的过程中，当粒子的位置超出可行域时，带边界变异的PSO让粒子的位置重新均匀分布在边界附近；当粒子的速度超出可行域时，则使其均匀分布到整个可行区间，而不是像原始PS0那样在这2种情况下都只是简单地取边界值。

To quicken the calculation speed of genetic algorithm, the chiasma operation and mutation operation are improved; based on the thinking of inheritable character, the destruction of fine gene combination during chiasma operation is prevented; drawing lessons from the thinking of modifying individual speed and position in the light of individual extremum and global extremum in particle swarm optimization algorithm, an evolutional mutation method based on gene character is put forward.

为提高遗传算法的计算速度，对交叉和变异操作进行了改进：基于遗传性状的思想，防止了交叉操作中对优良基因组合的破坏；借鉴粒子群算法中根据个体极值和全局极值修正个体速度和位置的思想，提出了根据基因性状进行进化变异的方法。

To overcome the premature of simple genetic algorithm, the calculating efficiency of SGA is improved by the following two ways; Firstly, in order to ensure convergence of algorithm and reduce influence factor of convergence, elitist selection and adapted crossover and mutation operator are adopted. Secondly, because this study deals with finding minimize volume of structure, to quicken convergence of this problem, in line with mechanics criterion the paper carry out mutation to some genes in chromosome according to variations of internal force. This will let algorithms to search answer with our hoping directions.

针对基本遗传算法存在早熟的问题，本文主要从两个方面进行了改进，首先为了保证算法的收敛和减少影响算法收敛因素，采用了最优保护策略和自适应的交叉和变异算子；其次，由于本文研究内容涉及求结构最小体积问题，为了加快此类问题的收敛速度，本文结合结构优化中的力学准则，对个体染色体中的某一段基因按照内力变化进行变异操作，使得算法按一定方向进行搜索最优解。

The linear convex combination,subtle mutation and violent mutation,and ES-

遗传算子采用线性凸组合的杂交方式、强弱两种变异方式以及进化

The inhibin a gene、 the bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) gene and the bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) gene were studied as candidate genes on the prolificacy of Small Tail Han sheep. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of 5 ' regulatory region、 exon 1 of INHA gene;exon 2、 exon 3 and exon 4 of BMP4 gene and exon 2、 exon 3 of BMP7 were detected in high fecundity breed and low fecundity breeds (Chinese Merino sheep, Corriedale sheep and South African Mutton Merino sheep) by PCR-SSCP. The results indicated that there was a mutation (316C→T) in 5' region of INHA gene in Small Tail Han sheep, Chinese Merino sheep and Corriedale sheep, the same mutation did not exist in South African Mutton Merino sheep.

采用PCR-SSCP技术检测抑制素α(inhibin α，INHA)基因5'调控区、外显子1，骨形态发生蛋白4(bone morphogenetic protein 4，BMP4)基因外显子2、外显子3和外显子4以及骨形态发生蛋白7(bone morphogenetic protein 7，BMP7)基因外显子2和外显子3在高繁殖力绵羊品种以及低繁殖力绵羊品种(中国美利奴绵羊、考力代绵羊、南非肉用美利奴绵羊)中的单核苷酸多态性，同时研究这三个基因对小尾寒羊高繁殖力的影响。

Polymorphism was detected for exon 3 of BMP4 gene in four sheep breeds. For exon 3, three genotypes were detected in four sheep breeds. In Small Tail Han, Chinese Merino, Corriedale and South African Mutton Merino sheep, frequency of genotype AA was 0.017, 0.216, 0.115, 0.429, frequency of genotype AB was 0.102, 0.317, 0.269, 0.500, frequency of genotype BB was 0.881, 0.467, 0.616, 0.071, respectively. Sequencing revealed one singlenucleotide mutation C→A at 305 bp of exon 3 of BMP4 gene in genotype BB in comparison to genotype AA, and this mutation resulted in an amino acid change of alanine→aspartic acid.

对于外显子3的引物，在4个绵羊品种中都检测到3种基因型；统计结果表明：小尾寒羊、中国美利奴绵羊、考力代绵羊、南非肉用美利奴绵羊AA基因型频率分别为0.017、0.216、0.115、0.429，AB基因型频率分别为0.102、0.317、0.269、0.500，BB基因型频率分别为0.881、0.467、0.616、0.071；测序结果表明：BB型和AA型相比在BMP4基因外显子3第305位碱基处发生C→A的突变，该突变导致氨基酸由丙氨酸改变为天冬氨酸；BB型小尾寒羊平均产羔数分别比AB型和AA型多0.61只（P.05）和1.01只（P.05）。

Carriers of either mutation who were diagnosed with breast cancer before age 55 faced an 18 percent cumulative probability of developing cancer in the opposite breast within 10 years as compared to a 5 percent cumulative probability among women who were mutation-free.

无论是谁的乳腺癌诊断与基因突变携带者55岁之前在10年内面临着一个发展中的百分之18的对面乳腺癌的累积概率为百分之五比一，妇女谁是突变无累积概率。

The members with Leber hereditary opˉtic neuropathy have a point mutation in mtDNA and the mutation at np11778is one of mechanisms inducing this disease.PCR technique provides a useful diagnostic aid for LHON.

该LHON家系成员存在线粒体DNA点突变，mtDNA的ND4亚单位第11778核苷酸突变是本病的发病机制之一，PCR-限制性核酸内切酶酶谱分析技术为LHON的诊断提供了依据。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。