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According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

In his Essai sur la Philosophic des Sciences, he was the first to use the term "cinematique," from the Greek word for motion, 'to describe the study of motion without regard to forces,and suggested that"this science ought to include all that can be said with respect to motion in its different kinds, independently of the forces by which it is produced," His term was later anglicized to kinematics and germanized to kinematik.

他essai sur la philosophic李惠庭，他是第一个使用& cinematique ，&从希腊字议案'来形容研究议案方面的力量，并认为&这一科学应包括所有可以表示对议案的三种不同，独立的力量，它制作的，&他后来anglicized运动学和germanized至kinematik 。

This thesis consists of three chapters .In chapter one , the distributions of the last exit time and the corresponding results of Brownian motion in Markov process are introduced ,and previous remarkable achievements on the excursion of Brownian motion are numerated too ,also ,we introduce the main results and the history of elliptic diffusion process; In chapter two ,we summarily describe the excursion in Markov process and the result of the first hitting time of the elliptic diffusion process ; In last chapter ,we study estimates for the distributions of above three maximum excursions and minimum excursion in the elliptic diffusion process on R (d≥3), which leads the excursion of Brownian motion on ball on R (d≥3) to become a particular case .

全文共分三章，第一章介绍对称Markov过程中布朗运动的未离时分布及相关研究结果，列举了前人对布朗运动的游程问题的研究成果，并用较多篇幅介绍了一类特殊且非常重要的扩散过程——一致椭圆扩散过程的研究历史和本文的主要研究结果；第二章介绍Markov过程有关停时及游程的概念，叙述了一致椭圆扩散过程的定义，并给出了一致椭圆扩散过程有关首中时的结果；第三章是本文的核心部分，详细讨论了暂留一致椭圆扩散过程关于R~d(d≥3)上球的三类极大游程和极小游程的分布估计，使得布朗运动关于球的游程问题成为特例。

Combining the advantages of fixed search pattern and spatial correlation search pattern,the algorithm employs the high search accuracy of DS and the high search speed of ARPS.It performs zero motion prejudging for immobile macroblocks between the two adjacent frames to reduce the computational complexity,and employs the spatial correlation of motion vectors to improve the quality of predicted motion vectors.

该算法利用DS算法搜索精度高和ARPS算法搜索速度快的特点，综合固定模式搜索和空间相关搜索两方面的优点，对于相邻两帧图像中的不变宏块采用零运动预先判断以减少算法的计算量，并利用运动矢量的空间一致性提高预测运动矢量的质量。

By employing coordinate transformation, the overall generalized displacement vector relevant to the motion of pad and axle journal is converted into axle journal displacement vector in a local motion coordinate system, and the oil film force in a partial motion coordinate system is obtained by solving the dynamic characters of a fixed bush bearing.

通过坐标变换，将瓦块和轴颈运动相关的全局广义位移矢量转换为局部动坐标系下轴颈的位移矢量；利用求解固定瓦轴承动力特性的方法求得的局部动坐标系下的油膜力。

The author studied the motion compatibleness of executive system, and built the connection of the motion parameter (motion-stand ratio) that complete "walk paper" craft and the bar dimension of die cutting toggle press mechanism that complete "die cutting" craft.

研究分析了主执行系统运动协调性，建立了完成&走纸&工艺的平行分度凸轮的运动参数和完成&模切&工艺的肘杆机构构件尺寸之间的关系。

Different kind space cameras use different image motion compensation methods and Drift Angle controls respectively.Applications of Drift Angle control in mechanical image motion compensation and electronic image motion compensation are introduced and analyzed in this paper.

不同类型的空间相机有不同的像移补偿方法，也就有不同的偏流角控制方法，本文对机械像移补偿法、电子学补偿方法等像移补偿方法中的偏流角控制及作用进行分析。

Reversible cutting can be classified into three categories in terms of cutting movement: reversible feed motion, reversible primary motion, and reversible composite motion.

研究了可逆向车削、铣削、刨削、钻削和铰削以及复合可逆切削的运动方式和特点，建立了车削、铣削、刨削、钻削和铰削、车铣的运动学图谱。

The shaper tool straight line advance and return movement is host motion when plane chop, that workpiece moves in the perpendicularity and host direction of motion intermittence is to feed motion.

刨削时，刨刀的直线往复运动是主运动，工件在垂直与主运动方向的间歇移动是进给运动。

Using the resultant motion of turning motion of rotary table and indexing motion of index head combined with gear contour machining principle.

根据鼓形齿的切削原理，利用回转工作台的回转运动和分度头分齿运动的合成，在立式铣床上加工出齿轮联轴上的鼓形齿，收到了

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。