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Methods of measuring the input components, their prices and output elements are given. We put forward some new methods in measuring components, including composite depreciation rate, equality working hours, and proxy of input resources. Using the mature methods of efficiency measurement and decomposition available, we make a detailed investigation into 4 listing companies of oil industry with a span of 12 periods. Basic conclusions we draw include: labor inputs affects oil field output mostly in China; China oil fields operates in a low technical efficiency level average of 0.61; Increasing difficulties with expanding output has the greatest influence on cost; Cost efficiency of China oil fields averages at 1.47; Total factor productivity of China oil fields averages at 10%, accounting for 79% of the total output growth rate of 12.6%; Frontier technology progress contributes the most to TFP of China oil fields with 17 percentage points.

本文沿用了已有文献中关于效率计量与分解的成熟方法，对我国三家油田上市公司与一家上市石油公司12个时期的技术效率与成本效率进行了详细的计量、分解与分析，得到的基本结论有：劳动力投入是影响我国油田上市公司产出的最重要的影响因素；油田的平均技术效率仅为0.61；产出项是影响成本的显著因素，这说明随着产出增加而出现的开采难度增加是导致开采成本增加的重要因素；油田的平均成本效率为1.47；全要素生产率的增长平均在10％左右，占到了产出平均增长率12.6％的79％，表明我国油田的生产率的提高主要是依靠全要素生产率的提高而实现的，只有21％左右的产出增长是依靠要素投入而实现的；前沿技术进步是油田全要素生产率增长的主要源泉，在2001～2004年期间，前沿技术进步对油田生产率的贡献高达17个百分点。

The main structure and composition: The furnace series of mostly vertical structures.

二、主要结构与组成：该炉系列多为立式结构。

Mostly students don't think comprehensive high school is the better choice.

一、多数学生认为选择综合高中不是较好的选择。

In this paper we firstly discuss the general concepts of compter security and cryptology, and then describe the mostly used modern encryption methods and technologies. We detail the advantages and disadvantages of symmetric algorithm, public-key algorithm and one-way hash function. At last we put forward a new block cipher - permutation code, and describe the secret hash digital signature and online electronic contracting with the trusted third party system.

本文首先讨论计算机安全和密码学的一般概念，然后介绍现代加密手段常用的方法和技术，详细讨论了对称加密方法、公开密钥加密方法和单向散列加密方法的优点和不足，进而提出了一种新型的分组加密算法—排列码加密算法，并在此基础上实现了保密散列数字签名算法和有可信第三方参与的网上电子签约。

Previous jobs mostly adopt liner elastic model to simulate elastic cushion, that simplified the computus and decreased precision.

弹性垫是抑制压痕的有效方法，但是由于弹性垫的介入，使得多点成形过程的数值模拟变得更加复杂。

But focus group hasn't drawn much attention in Taiwan's academic community. The application is mostly concentrated in marketing research.

但此一研究方法在台湾地区的应用，目前大多集中在商业性的研究，并未受到其他学术领域太大的重视。

It"s considered that the algae blooms control function in the algae"s growth dynamics model is influenced mostly by the water temperature, sun illumination, water flow speed and the concentration of the nutriment in water. A function including the four elements was built. By using cell mapping algorithm and contacting with the practical water condition of the Wujiang river and the Hanjiang river we analyzed and computed the algae blooms in the two areas and found the result was very near to the practical result. And we found that the ascend of water temperature and the descend of the water flow speed will contribute to the growth of algae and the nutriment is the substance basis of the algae blooms but not the only element. It must be under the condition of condign water temperature, enough sun illumination, slow water flow and abundant nutriment that algae blooms may break out unexpectedly.

本文认为藻类生长营养动力学模型中的水华爆发控制函数主要受水温、光照强度、水流速和营养盐浓度的影响，构建了包含水温、光照强度、水流速和营养盐浓度的水华爆发控制函数，通过对乌江、汉江的水华爆发进行胞映射分析，得到的计算结果与实际监测非常吻合，并认为水温升高和水流速下降将有利于藻类生长，营养盐是水华爆发的物质基础，但不是唯一因素，必须在适宜的水温、光照、缓慢的水流和充足的营养盐条件下，藻类才可能出现突发式的"疯长"，即水华爆发。

Certainly, this kind of promotion is conditional, which mostly depends on the institutional innovation and support of Chinese government.

当然，这种推动也是有条件的，很大程度上还要依赖政府自身在制度上的创新和支持。

Energy of nodes in wireless sensor networks was spent on delivering the packets mostly. In order to decrease the number of packets, but not increase the time delay simultaneously, a model of data dissemination based on confidence coefficient was presented.

无线传感器网络中节点的能量大部分用来传输数据，为减少数据的传输量，同时不增加数据包的延迟，提出了基于置信因子的数据分发概念。

A data dessimination mechanism based on confidence coefficient Energy of nodes in a WSN is spent mostly on delivering the packets. In order to decrease the number of packets, while not increase the time delay, a model of data dissemination based on confidence coefficient is presented.

4提出了一种基于置信因子的数据分发机制无线传感器网络中节点的能量大部分用来传输数据，为减少数据的传输量，同时不增加数据包的延迟，提出了基于置信因子的数据分发概念，并设计了一种基于置信因子的发送退避策略和传输过滤器。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。