查询词典 monetary

This dissertation covers the study of Path dependency on whichChinese monetary system changes in the process of its gradually economicstructural reform, and the examination of the future changes and strategicchoices for Chinese monetary system in its new stage, the foregoingprovides an essential basis for furthering Chinese economic structuralreform and establishing a highly efficient and rational monetary system withan effective operation and also is a theoretical task not to be evaded ineconomic sociology and social theory.

本文考察了中国渐进式经济体制改革过程中的金融制度变迁的路径依赖，并对新时期中国金融制度未来变迁和战略选择进行探讨，这是推进中国经济体制改革深化发展，把中国金融体制构建得高效合理，运转有效的重要前提，也是经济社会学和社会理论不应回避的理论任务。金融制度是一个国家通过法律、规章制度和货币政策等形式所确定的金融体系结构，以及组成这一体系的各要素之间的职责分工、相互关系及其各自的行为规则。

Just as these were, so the nominalistic monetary theories of the present day are characterized by their inability to contribute a single word towards the solution of the chief problem of monetary theory - one might in fact simply call it the problem of monetary theory -, namely, that of explaining the exchange-ratios between money and other economic goods.

与那些古老理论一样，现在的唯名论的货币理论对货币理论首要问题——事实上，也可以称它为货币理论问题，即，解释货币和经济财之间的交换率——的解决，毫无一砖一瓦之贡献。

This chapter mainly expounds basic quantitative monetary theory and model, then thinks that monetary neutrality and nonneutrality is the important premise of whether the monetary policy is effective or not.

本章重点论述了一些基本的货币数量理论及模型，并且认为货币政策是否具有有效性的重要前提是货币中性命题是否成立，并展开阐述了凯恩斯主义的货币需求动机理论，概述了不同经济学派对货币政策有效性的主要观点和结论。

This paper reviews the effectiveness of monetary policy in China, including open market operation, reserve system reformation, interest rate policy, reloan and rediscount policy and credit policy and so on, and finds out that monetary policy operation has endogenesis and dependence, and the effectiveness of monetary policy is not perfect.

三是全面述评我国货币政策实践情况，包括公开市场操作、准备金制度改革、利率政策、再贷款再贴现、信贷窗口指导等政策工具实践情况，发现我国货币政策操作内生性强，自主性弱，货币政策执行效应并不理想。

Since 1994 China has turned its monetary policy operation from direct control of credit to indirect control of monetary aggregate which included adjustment to base money, interest rate and open market operation. In 1995 money supply was introduced as a triable medium aim of monetary policy and in 1996 it became a formal medium aim.

自1994年开始我国货币政策操作从控制信贷规模为主的直接调控手段逐渐向控制基础货币、利率调整、公开市场操作等间接调控手段转变，1995年尝试把货币供应量纳入货币政策中介目标体系，1996年正式把货币供应量作为中介目标。

In Chinese monetary transmission mechanism, monetary transmission channel is restricted owing to unsocialized interest rates and unperfected monetary market, credit transmission channel is the primary transmission channel.

我国货币政策传导机制中，由于利率市场化程度不高、货币市场不发达等因素制约了利率传导机制、资产价格机制、汇率传导机制的有效性，导致目前信用传导渠道仍然是我国货币政策传导的主要途径。

This paper includes several parts: first, some important concepts of the thesis have been defined, a theoretical overview of currency crisis has been finished; then, we have described the history of the international monetary system; later, three chapes have been arranged to discuss the mechanism of currency crisis under fixed and floating and intermediate exchange rate system respectively. The part of the fixed exchange rate system mainly includes the analysis of the collapse of the international gold standard system, the Bretton Woods system and the the European Monetary System; in the part of the floating exchange rate system, the volatility problem under freely floating exchange rate system has been studied; the part of the intermediate exchange rate system mainly includes the analysis of currency crises in regional dollar standard system and the currency board system. And finally, we have analysed the inevitability of the appearance of new type regional monetary cooperation patterns, and how these cooperations avoid currency crises.

本文主要包括这样几部分：首先，对论文中涉及到的重要概念给予界定，并对货币危机理论进行系统梳理；接着，按时间顺序从总体上回忆国际货币制度的历史演进；然后，用三个章节分别研究了固定汇率制度、浮动汇率制度以及中间汇率制度下货币危机的形成机理，其中，固定汇率制度下的货币危机主要包括国际金本位制度和布雷顿森林体系的崩溃，以及欧洲货币体系的瓦解；浮动汇率制度下的货币危机，则重点分析了自由浮动汇率制度下汇率的过度波动问题；中间汇率制度下的货币危机，分别分析了区域美元本位及货币局制度下货币危机的发生机理；最后，分析了目前新型区域货币合作模式出现的必然性，及各模式下如何规避货币危机。

This article from an euro started at Euro sector finance system vicissitude and the Euro sector Taylor rule utilization to the European central bank policy-making formulation, through detailed thoroughly analyzes the Taylor rule to contain at the beginning ofEuropean Union in the Euro sector application -unification monetarypolicy decision-making the monetary policy background, the utilization"the Taylor principle" analyzes 1970-2006 beginning of the year EuropeCentral Bank the monetary policy decision-making tendency, pointed outmoves towards the negotiable securities along with the financialsystem, the internationalization, the formulation and the currentpolitical situation adapt the monetary policy is inevitable.

本文从欧元启动后欧元区金融体系的变迁及欧元区泰勒规则的运用对欧洲央行的决策制定，通过详细深入的剖析泰勒规则在欧元区的应用——统一货币政策决策（含欧盟之初的货币政策背景，运用&泰勒法则&分析1970-2006年初欧洲中央银行的货币政策决策倾向，指出随着金融体系走向证券化，国际化，制定与时局相适应的货币政策是必然的。

This article from an euro started at Euro sector finance system vicissitude and the Euro sector Taylor rule utilization to the European central bank policy-making formulation, through detailed thoroughly analyzes the Taylor rule to contain at the beginning ofEuropeanunionin the Euro sector application -unification monetarypolicy decision-making the monetary policy background, the utilization"the Taylor principle" analyzes 1970-2006 beginning of the year EuropeCentral Bank the monetary policy decision-making tendency, pointed outmoves towards the negotiable securities along with the financialsystem, the internationalization, the formulation and the currentpolitical situation adapt the monetary policy is inevitable.

内容摘要本文从欧元启动后欧元区金融体系的变迁及欧元区泰勒规则的运用对欧洲央行的决策制定，通过具体深入的剖析泰勒规则在欧元区的应用——统一货币政策决策（含欧盟之初的货币政策背景，运用&泰勒法则&分析1970-2006年初欧洲中心银行的货币政策决策倾向，指出随着金融体系走向证券化，国际化，制定与时局相适应的货币政策是必然的。

This article from an euro started at Euro sector finance system vicissitude and the Euro sector Taylor rule utilization to the European central bank policy-making formulation, through detailed thoroughly analyzes the Taylor rule to contain at the beginning ofEuropean Union in the Euro sector application -unification monetarypolicy decision-making the monetary policy background, the utilization"the Taylor principle" analyzes 1970-2006 beginning of the year EuropeCentral Bank the monetary policy decision-making tendency, pointed outmoves towards the negotiable securities along with the financialsystem, the internationalization, the formulation and the currentpolitical situation adapt the monetary policy is inevitable.

2002年1月1日零时，随着布鲁塞尔皇宫设置的欧元倒计时钟钟声的敲响，欧元正式进入流通，欧元区12国比利时、意大利、荷兰、芬兰、德国、奥地利、法国、西班牙、葡萄牙、爱尔兰、卢森堡和希腊缔结的空前的货币联盟正式开始运作，标志着欧洲甚至全世界己不可逆转地跨入欧元时代。在资本主义发源地、发达国家聚集的欧洲，各主权国家让渡货币发行权而发行统一的区域货币，并建立区域性货币的超国家统一管理机构—欧洲中央银行，这是人类货币金融史上的首次勇敢尝试，必将对世界经济特别是国际货币体系和国际金融格局产生一系列重大而深远的影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。