查询词典 monetary system

Accommodative monetary policy, easily lead to asset price bubbles, to the future potential risk of financial system crisis.

宽松的货币政策易引发资产价格泡沫，给日后金融系统危机带来潜在风险。

Had carried out firm finance policy and monetary policy; to be paid attention to more apply economic shift and exert oneself of legal measure; to advance economic system to reform, continue to perfect system of socialist market economy.

实施好稳健的财政政策和货币政策；更加注重运用经济手段和法律手段；着力推进经济体制改革，继续完善社会主义市场经济体制。

If we do not do these things, we will be left with two unacceptable choices–(1) relegating crippled and brain-damaged victims of medical negligence to monetary recoveries for their life of suffering that would not even pay for one week of salary of an Enron executive or our president's four years at prep school, or (2) allowing insurance companies to reap profits from good and caring doctors and hospitals in such huge sums that these health care providers will no longer be able to afford to render the type of care that the system should seek to obtain.

如果我们没有做这些事情，我们将只剩下两个令人无法接受的选择，（ 1 ）降级瘫痪和脑损伤的受害者医疗疏忽货币回收率为他们生活的痛苦，甚至不支付一周的工资安然公司执行或我们总统的四年在预备学校，或（ 2 ）允许保险公司获得良好的利润和照顾的医生和医院在这种巨额资金，这些医疗服务提供者将不再能够负担得起，使类型的护理该系统应设法获得。

In the chapter of improving banking supervision, we analyze the games with complete and incomplete information between supervisors and banks, and their strategies therein during the operating and market exiting stages. We come to the conclusion that in the long run, the supervision of operational risks should progress from direct surveillance to indirect surveillance. In the chapter of incentives and constraints, we first discuss the reform of personnel system (non- monetary rewards and punishments) and salary system in the SOBs, demonstrated with an optimal model. Then we show that it is feasible for senior executives of SOBs to bear a part of operational risk loss through a model of guarantee and compensation. It is a bold attempt in current situation when domestic liability insurance market is still not mature.

银行业监管一章，我们通过设计一组监管部门与国有商业银行的完全信息和不完全信息博弈，分析了它们在运营阶段和市场退出阶段的政策选择，并提出了对操作风险的监管在长期要实现从"直接监管"到"间接监管"的转变；激励约束一章，我们首先讨论了国有商业银行的人事制度与薪酬制度改革，并通过一个最优化模型给予说明，然后设计了一个操作风险损失保证金与赔偿金模型来说明让国有商业银行高级管理人员负担一部分操作风险损失的可行性。

This paper extends Salop's (1974) and Purvis's (1979) flexible exchange rates system small open economy model to the perfect sterilization operation dual exchange rates system. We assume the policy authorities choose the full employment output and desired financial exchange rates level as policy targets and use fiscal policy and monetary policy as policy instruments.

本文将Salop(1974)及Purvis(1979)同时兼顾总合需求面及总合供给面浮动汇制的小型开放经济模型，予以延伸至完全冲销措施(perfect sterilization operations)的双元汇制(two-tier exchange rates)，并假定政策当局选择以充分就业的产出及融汇达到想水准做为政策目标，并以财政政策及货币政策做为政策工具，为达此双重政策目标，则适当的政策搭配为何的课题。

Established in 1913 to regulate the monetary and banking system of the United States through the Federal Reserve System.

1913年成立，通过联邦储备系统管理美国的货币和银行系统。

In the research to demand of International reserves,first, according to the affective character of demand to transition of International reserves, choosing the decision theory of Markov and dynamic transition equation as basic model, the paper has set up two transition methods--- stationary matrix and dynamic matrix, the later matrix has improved the sensitive reaction to time and velocity. Second, combining with knowledge of linear algebra, the paper has analyzed and testified the positive associated relation between transition matrix elements on main diagonal and the convergent speed of system, and explained why international reserves transition embodies the character under new situation and why the transition process can be accelerated by the strike of international idle money. Third,on the quantitative calculating to elements of transition matrix,referring to multiplication theory and decomposing-composing method of system, the paper has transformed main three-factor deciding confidence of international monetary into detail modulus by comparing analysis measure,now the matrix has been decided.

在国际储备的需求分析研究中，本文首先选择马尔可夫转移方程作为基础模型，根据需求对外汇储备结构的影响特点，提出非定常转移矩阵变换方法，拓展了马尔可夫变换对时间和速度的敏感性；结合线性代数知识，分析证明了定常转移矩阵的主对角线元素值的大小与系统的收敛速度的正向关联关系，并利用结论解释了国际货币新动向下外汇储备转换表现出的趋势特点以及国际游资冲击对国际货币结构变化的加速影响；在转移矩阵元素的量化计算上，本文参考乘数理论和系统分解合成原理，采用对比分析方法把影响国际货币信心的三大要素综合量化为转移偏好系数，然后根据转移偏好系数确定转移矩阵的元素值，其中还分别具体给出了定常转移矩阵和非定常转移矩阵的计算方法及在变换中的使用方法，从而不仅在定量分析上应证了定性分析结论，而且反映了随时间变化的美圆、欧元、日圆的比例结构均衡过程。

Through several major regulatory reform upon our Investment Fund Operation Model, Funds Evaluation System, Monetary Fund System and Fund Supervisal, so as to promote the healthy development of China's Securities Investment Funds.

通过对我国投资基金运行模式、基金评价体系、基金组织制度、基金监管等几个大方面的改革来促进中国证券投资基金的健康发展。

It had been a long journey from the gold standard of the 19th century, via the restored gold-exchange standard of the 1920s, the monetary chaos of the 1930s, the Bretton Woods system of adjustable exchange rates of the 1950s and 1960s, the termination of dollar convertibility into gold in 1971, and the monetary targeting of the 1970s and 1980s.

从19世纪的金本位制，上世纪20年代的恢复金汇兑标准，30年代的货币混乱，五六十年代的布雷顿森林体系的可调节汇率制，到1971年结束美元对黄金的可兑换性和七八年代的货币目标政策，金融业已经走过了一个漫长的旅程。

Through analysis of Walras' general equilibrium system in simple economy and extended economy contained capitals,this article points out that the system of Warlras' general equilibrium which claimed itself to be one of the pillars of Neoclassical theories contains a series of logical contradictions.The discussion indicates that such equilibrium,only connecting to the barter economy within different rates of profits,is not a sort of general equilibrium in monetary economy aiming to get the general rate of profit under the real capitalist competitive economic relationships.

通过对瓦尔拉斯一般均衡体系由简单的生产交换经济到扩大的包含资本形成方程在内的经济体系的分析，指出一直标榜为现代主流新古典理论支柱之一的瓦尔拉斯一般均衡体系内部存在着一系列逻辑矛盾，从而表明它描述的只是一种差别利息率下的实物经济一般均衡，而并不是现实资本主义经济关系下为获取统一利润率竞争的货币经济均衡。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。