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Secondly, three kinds of mathematics model of optical vortex beams were introduced here. Then the propagation dynamics of optical vortex beams through the non-axis symmetry system is studied, this chapter includes the introduction of the symmetry vortex beam and the non- symmetry vortex beam, the deduction of the Collins diffract integral formula for the non-axis symmetry system, and the transformation of the vortex beam passing through the non-axis symmetry system has been described by using the numerical simulation. Then the general calculation for the orbit momentum of vortex beams, the matrix form for the orbit momentum of vortex beams, and the photon method to describe the orbit momentum of vortex beams are also introduced here. Finally, the interference about optical vortex beams was studied.

本文对涡旋光束进行了较为全面的介绍和研究，主要内容包括：（1）光学涡旋光束的基本理论，主要是介绍了单个光学涡旋光束在柱坐标中的一些表征，涡旋光束的奇异相位和光学涡旋的相位结构；（2）光学涡旋光束的三种数学模型；（3）光学涡旋光束在非轴对称光学系统中的传播动力学，其中介绍了对称涡旋光束与非对称涡旋光束，推导了非轴对称光学系统的 Collins 衍射积分公式，并利用计算机模拟图描述了对称涡旋光束经过非轴对称光学系统后涡旋形态的改变；（4）涡旋光束轨道角动量的一般计算，涡旋光束轨道角动量的矩阵形式，光子法描述涡旋的轨道角动量；（5）涡旋光束的干涉。

The present method shows that angular momentum of the planet wheel about a fixed axis is equivalent to transport angular momentum and relative angular momentum.

推导了行星轮的运动分解为随转动参考系的转动和相对于转动参考系的转动时，计算其对定轴动量矩的一个新方法。

As a result, a weak indirect cell is formed in high latitudes. By the 36th time step, the model atmosphere accomplishes the transition form one-cell circulation to two-cell circulation. There is a momentum source in the upper subtropical region. During the transition, the"polar westerlies jet"gets weakened and vanishes at the end, while the subtropical westerlies jet gets strengthened. At this two-cell stage, the generation and dissipation of westerly angular momentum do not balance each other, and the atmosphere is still at an unstable state with great surplus of angular momentum generation.

随着模式的运行，直接环流加强，地表东风带制造西风角动量加大，上支气流的加强，同样在科氏力的作用下，在副热带地区形成副热带西风急流，同时所谓的&极地西风激流&向赤道靠拢、减弱，最后消失，这时在整个半球形成了靠赤道的直接环流和靠极地一侧的间接环流，两圈环流形成的过程仅仅需要9个小时左右。

This paper first analyses the stress acting on the cable by means of tiny segment analytical methods, establishes cable's stress equation, and finds out the relation between the tethered aerostat's position and its stress acting by cable; then, based on the momentum and moment of momentum theorem, the longitudinal nonlinear dynamic equation is established; Finally a numerical simulation of dynamic responses of the balloon and cable to gust are carried out.

本文首先通过微段分析法对缆绳进行受力分析，建立缆绳的受力方程，找出了系留气球在空中的位置同系留气球所受缆绳拉力的关系；然后根据动量和动量矩定理建立了球体的纵向非线性运动方程；最后通过数值仿真计算，对系留气球的纵向动态响应特性进行了分析。

Correlation between spin angular momentum s and background angular momentums of planets;2. In the paper the principle of optical rotation due to the transfer of spin angular momentum from light to particles was discussed by analyzing the interaction between the beam of light and birefringent crystal particles, and then an optical tweezers was formed on nanometer optical tweezers system with a linearly polarized light beam (He-Ne laser 633 nm, 10 mW).

从理论上分析了偏振光束与双折射晶体粒子的相互作用过程，讨论了由于光束自旋角动量向晶体粒子的传递所导致的光致旋转效应的原理，并在纳米光镊装置上利用线偏振He Ne激光器(633 nm，10 mW)形成了光镊光阱，利用1/4波片来改变光镊光束的偏振状态，在不同的椭圆偏振状态下实现了直径约为几微米的CaCO3 晶体微粒的捕获和光致转动。

Moreover, NLCs are affected by both the spin and the orbital angular momentum of light, providing good material to check the total angular momentum conservation law.

而且，向列型液晶受到的光的自旋角动量和轨道角动量的影响，提供了一种好的材料去检验总角动量守恒定律。

In motions of rotation angular momentum appears in much the same way as linear momentum appears in motion of translation.

在旋转运动中的角动量产生的方式与平移运动中的线动量的产生是基本相似的。

"It seems to be an almost perfect example of translating the angular momentum of his body into the linear momentum of the strike," said Rose.

"这似乎是一种几乎完美的例子，翻译的角动量他的身体变成线性的势头，罢工，说："玫瑰。

In motions of rotation angular momentum appears in abundance the alike way as linear momentum appears in motion of translation.

在旋转运动中的角动量产生的办法与平移运动中的线动量的产生是基本功相似的。

Electron has an intrinsic angular momentum in addition to the orbital angular momentum due its motion about the nucleus .

电子除了绕原子核运动的轨道角动量外还有内在的角动量。

Through comparing with the results by simulation to study the effects of theprojectile"s final velocity, the angle of rotation and the ballistic trajectory"s migration withdifferent projectile"s rotating speeds, different target"s moving speeds and differentpenetration angles.

通过比较数值模拟的结果来研究不同弹头转速、目标速度、侵彻角对侵彻过程中弹头最终速度、翻转角度和弹道偏移的影响。

I love stationery and all the accoutrement of writing.

我爱文具以及所有的书写的工具装备。