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The results suggest that Smad4,one of the intracellular downstream molecules of TGF-β superfamily,and an inductive signal mediating epithelial-mesenchymal interaction,may regulate the differentiation of ameloblast and odontoblast cells,and modulate dentinogenesis and amelogenesis.

结论首次观察到Smad4信号分子在人牙胚发育过程中的表达，Smad4作为TGF-β超家族细胞内信号分子，可能参与上皮间充质的相互作用，同时也参与成釉细胞和成牙本质细胞的分化以及牙釉质和牙本质的形成。

The polymethyl methacrylate material with super-hydrophobic surface of the invention is prepared in the following steps: 1 the polymethyl methacrylate material is first put into diamine solution, so that the ester group on the surface of the material has ammonolysis reaction with diamine molecules; 2 and then, the product of the step 1 is put into long chain fatty acid solution to be treated and the solvent is volatilized, so as to obtain the polymethyl methacrylate material with super-hydrophobic surface.

本发明具有超疏水表面的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯材料，是按照如下步骤进行制备的：1将聚丙烯酸甲酯材料先置于二胺溶液中使聚丙烯酸甲酯材料表面的酯基与二胺分子发生氨解反应；2然后，将其置于长链脂肪酸溶液中进行处理，挥发掉溶剂，得到具有超疏水表面的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯材料。

Not only do drug companies market their molecules with amoral...

不仅制药公司销售其分子与道德。。。

Anabolism Metabolic reactions in which molecules are linked together to form more complex compounds.

合成代谢：分子聚集进而形成一个较为复杂化合物的代谢反应。

The phase of metabolism, in which large , complex molecules are built up from smaller, simpler ones, is called anabolism

代谢作用的这一方面，即由小的简单分子形成大的复杂分子的过程称为同化作用。

In this thesis,based on the DFT+NEGF first-principles method,we construct a lead-molecule-lead sandwich system with single benzene-based molecule to investigate the relationship between the structure and properties of the molecular devices and the factors that influence properties of the molecular devices.Our computational investigations on these molecular devices are primarily concentrated on the effect of contact geometry between molecules and electrodes,the effect of side groups,the effect of different torsion angle between two phenyl rings and the effect of external electric field.This thesis consists of five chapters:In Chapter one,we mainly introduce the research background and development of the molecular electronics,including the experimental fabrication of molecular electronic components and theoretical simulation methods.Afterwards we discuss the questions that need to be solved in this area.Finally,the main contents of this thesis are listed.In Chapter two,we introduce the theoretical methods used in this thesis, including the main first-principles calculation methods,i.e.,the Density-Functionmethod and nonequilibrium Green\'s function.

本论文拟采用密度泛函理论和非平衡格林函数相结合的第一性原理计算方法，选取苯基小分子作为研究对象，构建了金属电极/有机小分子/金属电极三明治结构体系，系统地研究了苯基分子器件结构的改变与分子电输运性质之间的关系以及影响分子器件电输运性质的相关因素，其中重点研究了分子与电极间可能的接触结构改变、官能团、分子间的扭转角以及外电场对苯基分子电输运性质的影响，本论文主要包括以下五个章节的内容：第一章为综述部分，主要介绍了分子电子学产生的背景、分子器件的研究意义、当前研究分子器件的实验和主要理论方法，以及目前在研究分子器件中存在的一些问题，最后给出了本论文的主要研究内容和技术路线。

The absorption of this radiation in various lines followed by cascade transitions to lower levels might ultimately produce an anomalously high population for the excited levels of these molecules.

在各谱线处对这种辐射的吸收以及接着向低能级的级联跃迁最终可能使这些分子的激发能级产生异常高的粒子数。

Besides, HIF-1 can quickly induce a lot of expressions and the adjustment of anoxia-induced genes, so as to enhance the hypoxia-induced genetic transcription and increase the expressions, and engender physiological effects, such as adjusting the transcription of EPO genes to increase their production, thereby the red blood cells quantity is enlarged, which strengthens the ability of oxygen transportation and mitigates anoxia; adjusting VEGF genetic transcription to engender more blood capillaries, consequently the transportation and supply of oxygen and substance of energy source are strengthened; adjusting the glycolytic enzyme to enhance glycolysis ability under anoxemia condition and increase energy supply; functioning on HO-1 genes in vascular smooth muscle cells to produce HO-1, which can engender NO and CO as pneumatic signal molecules to activate the guanylate cyclases, thus CGMP level is improved to make the vascular smooth muscles chalasia, to restrain platelet agglutination, so that theblood flow and vascular permeability are increased, and the anoxic tissues obtain ample oxygen supply, etc..

在低氧环境中，HIF-1可以被很快诱导大量表达并介导低氧诱导基因的调控，使低氧诱导基因转录增强，表达产物增多，产生生理效应。

Ansari hopes the new molecules might eventually serve as scaffolds for a new family of gene-controlling drugs.

Madison，Ansari 希望新的小分子物质最终能够新的基因控制药物的主要力量。

FITC can inhibit the antimonite-stimulated ATPase activity of ArsA and a combination of ATP and antimonite can completely protect ArsA from the inactivation of FITC. The Lys residue in the glycine-rich loop in ArsA is possibly one of the sites for FITC modification. Antimonite can induce the fluorescence resonance energy transfer between FITC and TRITC that separately labeled on different ArsA molecules.

研究还发现FITC对ArsA的ATP酶活性有抑制作用，ATP和SbO〓与ArsA的结合完全拮抗这种抑制，说明ATP和SbO〓与ArsA的结合能够引起ArsA产生一种完全不同于它们单独与其结合时的构象变化，从而使ArsA上FITC的修饰位点变得不易接近，同时ATP结合位点内的Lys可能是FITC在ArsA上的结合位点之一。

Researches reveal that students who suffer from corporal punishment tend to resort to violence in their future life.

研究表明遭受过肉体惩罚的孩子倾向于在他们今后的人生中使用暴力。

Total sugar of sarcocarp and chlorophyll of pericarp increased firstly, and then decreased afterward along with altitude; Titratable acidity, ascorbicacid and anthocyanin of pericarp were increased along with altitude; The content of protein increased firstly and decreased afterward along with altitude; Carotenoid of pericarp were decreased along with altitude.

果肉总糖和果皮叶绿素含量随海拔高度升高先升高后降低；可滴定酸、维生素C和果皮花青苷含量均随海拔升高而升高；蛋白质在1720m处最大，1420m处最小；果皮类胡萝卜素随海拔升高而降低。