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The early references include -[5], which are based on the linear models or generalized linear models; on the other hand, [6]-[10] are those based on the nonlinear models which are more practical. But they are all restricted in the exponential family of distributions. That will not practice in most of the trials. Although being the most flexible among them, the estimation methods in [1] has many disadvantages for requiring the model to be generalized linear. Based on [1], this paper extended the method to the generalized nonlinear model.

较早的如[1]-[5]，他们都是基于线性或广义线性模型进行分析研究；而基于更为实用的非线性模型的研究则有：[6]-[10]等，他们大多由于模型要求数据属于指数分布族或者模型假定为线性模型，这都限制了模型的实用性，其中以[1]所提的一系列广义线性估计方程实用范围较广，但其模型中要求的广义线性模型还是具有一定的局限性。

We definite and study the very extensive nonlinear random effect models, i. e. exponential family nonlinear models with random effect, then we employ the Laplace methods to deal with these models. Based on this method, the fixed effect parameter estimates and Gauss-Newton formula are obtained. Some asymptotic properties of estimate are proved under some mild assumptions.

首次定义并研究了一类非常广泛的非线性随机效应模型-指数族非线性随机效应模型，并应用Laplace展开方法，给出该模型中固定效应参数的估计以及Gauss Netown选代算法，同时讨论了参数估计的渐近性质。

For separable and continous exponential family models (such as normal, gamma, and inverse Gaussian models), this paper discusses the tests for departures from nominal dispersion in the framework of longitudinal nonlinear models with varying dispersion and/or random effects. The score test statistics are constructed and their asymptotic distributions and local powers are derived.

本文针对可分的连续型指数族回归模型（如正态模型，Γ模型，逆高斯模型），讨论广义非线性纵向数据模型中偏离名义离差的检验问题，得到了检验的score统计量，并推导了它们的渐近分布和局部近似功效。

Secondly, several common ARMA models and ARCH models are introduced in detail, and fractionally integrated models, such as ARFIMA and FIGARCH, which are developed in recent years, are introduced, too.

然后介绍了几种常用的ARMA模型和ARCH模型，其次重点介绍了近几年刚刚发展的分整模型，即ARFIMA模型和FIGARCH模型，并对其进行比较分析，指出这些模型的不足和适用范围。

The discrete mathematical models of the roundness and cylindricity EST are established; the mathematical models of the generating line straightness, axis straightness, coaxality, circular run—out and total run—out error of the revolution workpiece are put forward and established first based on the EST; the method about how to sample and to process sampling data are given when these models are applied to measure workpleces.

其主要内容是：针对长期以来国内对回转误差运动的有关定义的争论，对回转误差运动的本质进行了讨论，进一步明确了静心与静轴，动心与动轴的概念，并对此进行了数学推导，给出了相应的数学模型；统一了"平动说"和"瞬心说"关于回转轴线的定义，指出了两种学说各自的力学基础和它们的一致性。

Based on landscape representation models, process models and evaluation models, the author discussed five design approaches to landscapes: The Feng-shui approach, Lynch's approach of "Imageable city", the "Genius loci" approach, McHarg's "Design with nature" approach and the approach of landscape ecology.

本文从景观设计过程的陈述模型，过程模型和评价模型三个方面系统讨论和比较了五个不同景观设计途径，包括前科学途径，现象学途径（包括林奇的"城市印象"途径和"场所精神"途径），以及生态学途径(包括"设计遵从自然"途径和景观生态途径)。

The first part is preface, on the basis of expounding the background, the purpose, the meaning and the thinking of the thesis study, briefly introduce the research achievements of domestic and international urban spatial structure; the second part is summary, expatiate on the connotation, component, research span and space type of urban spatial structure; The third part is theory foundation, mainly introduce the three classical models of city spatial structure in the west country (concentric circles mode, fan-shaped mode and multi-core mode) and the relative city development theories (growth pole theory, dot-axis theory, core-fringe theory, metropolis circle theory and city space evolution theory); The fourth part is general situations of study region; The fifth part is the analysis of Lanzhou city spatial structure evolution, along the historical venation Of city development, on the basis of analyzing industrial structure change, focus on and sumup the characteristics of spatial development and form, meanwhile, analyze factors which influences the spatial development; The sixth part is the analysis of Lanzhou city spatial development trend, put forward the development models of Lanzhou city spatial structure from three space aspects(the core city, the city, region) in the future, they are group gobbet structure, fingers structure, circle structure; The seventh part is to mainly put forward the development strategies for the different spatial structure models.

第一部分为前言，在阐明论文研究背景、目的及意义、思路的基础上，简要介绍了国内外城市空间结构相关研究成果；第二部分为概述，对城市空间结构的内涵、组成要素、研究尺度及其空间类型作以介绍；第三部分为理论基础，主要是对西方城市空间结构的3大经典模型(同心圆模式、扇形模式和多核心模式)以及与本研究相关的城市空间发展理论(增长极理论、点轴理论、核心——边缘理论、都市圈理论和城市空间演化理论)的介绍；第四部分为研究区概况，主要是对研究区域范围的界定及其社会经济发展概况介绍；第五部分是兰州城市空间结构演化分析，顺着兰州城市发展的历史脉络，在分析产业结构变动的基础上，着重对城市空间发展及其形态特征进行归纳总结，并分析了空间发展的主要影响因素；第六部分是兰州城市空间发展趋势分析，从中心城市、市域、区域3个空间层面上提出未来兰州城市空间结构的不同模式，即组团结构、指状结构、圈层结构；第七部分是城市空间发展策略，针对不同的城市空间发展模式提出一些对策建议。

Then, on the basis of above achieved constituent binary results, thermodynamic properties of 10 ternary liquid alioys (Cd-Bi-Pb, Cd-Pb-Sb, Cd-Pb-Sn, Mg-In-Cd, Zn-In- Cd, Cd-Bi-Sn, In-Bi-Pb, Sn-AgPb,Zn-In.Pb, Al-Cu-Zn), 3 quaternary ones (Cd-Bi-Pb-Sn, Zn-Sn-Cd-Bi, Zn-Sn-Cd-Pb) and 1 quinary. one (Zn-Sn-Pb-Cd-Bi) are predicted. For most of investigated multicomponent systems, the calculated activities are in good with the experimental ones, and in particular for multicompoment immiscible ones, the predicted results are satisfactory and exciting. At the same time, the comparison result between the three equations shows that Wilson equation and T-K-Wilson one are more stable than NRTL one, that maybe is because NRTL equation contains a third parameter, and so ,to some degree, Wilson model and T-K-Wilson model are superior to NRTL model. And also the comparison between local composition models and other models such as Pelton- Flengas?method, Krupkowski formalism, mass action concentration model and Hoch- Arpshofen model shows that local composition models are more convenient and credible.

在此基础之上应用局部组成型模型对10个三元液态合金（包括Cd-Bi-Pb、Cd-Pb-Sb、Cd-Pb-Sn、Mg-In-Cd、Zn-In-Cd、Cd-Bi-Sn、In-Bi-Pb、Sn-Ag-Pb、Zn-In-Pb、Al-Cu-Zn），3个四元液态合金（包括Cd-Bi-Pb-Sn、Zn-Sn-Cd-Bi、Zn-Sn-Cd-Pb）和1个五元液态合金（Zn-Sn-Pb-Cd-Bi）的活度进行了预测，预测效果良好，尤其对Zn-In-Pb系和Zn-Sn-Cd-Pb等多元液-液共存体系热力学性质的预测也取得了令人满意的结果；同时对三个方程的比较分析表明：Wilson方程和T-K-Wilson方程在多元系热力学性质的预测中表现稳定，而NRTL方程由于引入了物理意义不清楚的第三参数，使得其具有不确定性和不稳定性的特点，因此Wilson方程和T-K-Wilson方程较NRTL方程更为优越；此外对局部组成型模型与其它模型（如Pelton-Flengas方程、Krupkowski方程、作用浓度模型和Hoch-Arpshofen模型）的比较表明：局部组成型模型同样是优秀的，甚至在某些方面更为简便和可靠。

Visual Rice Growth Models system represented an effort to design crop modeling software with object-oriented paradigm and to organize classes in system with model-document-view architecture. Firstly, the crop-environment system was abstracted as many subsystems and physiological processes with object-oriented paradigm while many classes were established to simulate the behaviors of these subsystems and physiological processes. In VRGM, the document-view architecture in Visual C++ was extended as model-document-view architecture for agricultural integrated system. In the model-document-view architecture, document gets the final simulation results by manipulating the models classes and acts as a communicating intermediacy between model and view. Views display the simulation results and translate users' operation and data entering to document. The architecture separates the domain models, data management and user interface.

中文题名可视水稻生长模型与智能栽培专家系统的研制副题名外文题名 Studies on visual rice growth models and cultivation expert system of computational intelligence 论文作者米湘成导师邹应斌研究员学科专业作物栽培学与耕作学研究领域\研究方向作物模拟与专家系统学位级别博士学位授予单位湖南农业大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数64页关键词作物生长模拟生长模型水稻馆藏号BSLW /2003 /S126 /2 本研究系国家"九五"攻关项目"水稻大面积高产综合配套技术研究与示范"课题的子专题，并结合水稻高产栽培技术资料和水稻专家的知识、经验以及科研成果，研制成了可视水稻生长模型(Visual Rice Growth Models，VRGM)及水稻高产栽培专家系统，并在此基础上进一步利用人工神经网络模型、模糊逻辑技术和田间栽培试验，对生长模型和专家系统进行了改进。

The first part introduces the incentive models of actual bonus stock synoptically,analyses the stock on hand,option shares and stock option,the three kind of important incentive models,on rights and incumbencies,value and the incentive guidance by contrast.The second part discusses the difficulties and influential factors in the design of technical bonus stock,quests for the incentive models of technical bonus stock,analyses superiority and inferior position in action,difference and interosculation between them,discusses the need and significance for the technical bonus stock reanimation in the middle-small technicalfilms.

本文内容共分为五章三大部分，第一部分概括性地介绍了现行股权激励方式，对现股、期股和期权这三种重要的激励方式，从权利义务、价值和激励导向三个方面进行了对比分析；第二部分探讨了技术股权设计的难点和影响因素，讨论了我国中小科技企业技术股权激励的方式，分析它们在激励中的优势和不足，以及它们之间的区别与联系，并对中小科技企业实施技术股权激励的必要性和意义进行了探讨。

Now she was hungry and angry.She began to smoulder.

现在她又饿又气，她开始流露难以抑制的怒火。

You have placed our iniquities before You, Our secret sins in the light of Your presence.

诗90：8 你将我们的罪孽摆在你面前、将我们的隐恶摆在你面光之中。