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We firstly summarized some nuclear structure models, and then introduce relativistic mean field theory and its application to spherical nuclei. At Last the characteristics of pseudospin symmetry are researched in details. It briefly includes several following aspects:(1) Some nuclear models such as liquid drop model, Fermi gas model, shell model, project shell model and Bohr model are summarized.

本文首先概述了一些主要的原子核结构模型，然后介绍了相对论平均场理论的建立及其对球形核的描述，最后对赝自旋对称性进行了研究，主要包括以下几个方面：一、概述了已经取得很成功的液滴模型、费米气体模型、壳模型、投影壳模型以及玻尔模型等描述原子核结构的理论模型。

The physical models and mathematical models of flow,heat transfer and weight calculation in the network were established.

采用网络分析原理，研究由环控生保系统中气、液流体回路所构成的流动和热网络，建立此网络中流动、传热及重量计算的物理模型和数学模型。

The physical models and mathematical models of flow,heat transfer and weight calculation in the network were established.

采用网络分析原理，研究专家由环控生保系统中气、液流体回路所构成的流动和热网络，建立此网络中流动、传热及重量计算的物理模型和数学模型。

This research was imbursed by a National Natural Science Fund project titled Integration And Systematization Of Mathematic Models For Soil And Water Resources Study In A Basin And Its Application. This study established a base for the share of geography information and it also possessed an important significance for the lately geography process quantificational study and its models improvement and integration.

该研究在国家自然科学基金项目&流域土壤与水资源模拟模型的集成和系统化及其应用&资助下完成，其成果将为地学信息共享奠定了一定的基础，对今后地理过程定量化研究以及模型的改进、集成有重要意义。

Widely used throughout many industries, Randolph Austin pumps are available in sizes ranging from small-volume laboratory models to large-volume in-plant models.

Randolph Austin生产的泵在许多行业中广泛运用，有各种尺寸可选，从小容量的实验室型号到大容量的工厂型号。

The nonlinear finite element models are also used to analyze the hysteresis behavior of the joints under reversed cyclic loads using ANSYS 8.0. The influences of the stiffener length and the infilled concrete are analyzed. Analytical results show that the stiffener length and the infilled concrete are critical for the joints. Furthermore, the skeleton curves of the finite element models are in good agreement with those of experiments.

运用ANSYS8.0对各节点试件在低周反复荷载作用下的滞回性能进行非线性模拟计算，分析内填混凝土、加劲肋长度等因素对节点受力性能的影响，结果表明：内填混凝土和加劲肋长度对节点受力性能的影响较大，有限元所得的骨架曲线与实测曲线吻合较好。

In this paper, two-stage Generalized Linear models are developed to estimate the outstanding claims reserve in Non-life insurance. The models are based on the PPCI methods, estimating the claim number and payments per claim incurred respectively to obtain the estimate of OCR and prediction error.

本文以非寿险业务未决赔款准备金估计的确定性方法－PPCI法的思想为基础，分两阶段建立广义线性模型，分别对索赔次数和已发生每案赔付额进行估计，进而得到未决赔款准备金的估计值，并对模型的预测误差进行估计。

In comparison with land surface temperature models,the models in component temperature inversion seem relatively immature.

组分温度的反演是当前定量遥感的一个难点。

Methods: acromioclavicular dislocation models were simulated using fresh specimens of shoulder joint with proximal half part of humerus, clavicula and scapula. the models were fixed by self-developed "pry and press" plate. the fixation effect was compared with normal and fixed by ao claw plate of acromioclavicular joint and wire lock.

取新鲜尸体肩关节带肱骨上半部、锁骨和肩胛骨标本，制成肩锁关节脱位模型，用自行研制的撬压型钢板固定，并与正常、肩锁关节ao钩钢板、钢丝固定进行对照比较。

To make a comprehensive view of metapopulation researches, we folly analyze and summarize the present concepts, theories and models of metapopulation in this paper, which primarily includes the dynamical models and simulation approaches of single and competitive metapopulations. Based on the Levin's patch occupant model, the center framework of metapopulation researches, primary principles and mechanisms are discussed. First, Levins rule: the fraction of empty patch will remain constant with habitat destruction as long as metapopulation survives. This rule implies that empty patches have determinant effects on persistence and conservation. Second. Allee effect of metapopulation is incurred by establishing difficulties and dispersal costs, which is important to the studies of reserve area and the minimum available metapopulation size. Third, we analyze the rescue effect that immigrants can reduce the extinction risk of the presented local population. Rescue effect can leads to the improvement of metapopulation sustainability and the decrease of fraction of empty patches. Fourth, the coexistence mechanism of two competing metapopulation is discussed, which suggests that competition-colonization trade off may be prevalent in competing systems. Finally, extinction debt ob tamed from coexistence mechanism is given, which depicts the lost of species richness in the future for the current habitat destruction. After theoretical discussion, we present two popular simulated approaches in metapopulations: probability transition model and stochastic process model.

为了能总观集合种群进展的全局并开展进一步的工作，首先对集合种群的已有概念、理论和模型做了全面的分析和总结；其次对集合种群的发展和概念进行了探讨，以集合种群模型的中心框架：Levins的斑块占据模型为基础，展开对其它原理、效应和机制的探讨；主要包括了Levins原理，即当生境进到破坏时，空斑块比例在集合种群灭绝前保持不变，然后还分析了Allee效应（集合种群的Allee效应主要是由于建群困难和扩散损失造成的）；第三，分析了援救效应：迁人个体可以降低斑块中现有局域种群的灭绝风险，援救效应会增强集合种群的生存力，使空斑块比例下降第四，探讨了两竞争集合种群的共存机制，即竞争－侵占妥协，其共存机制为空间生境中物种共存提供了有力的理论解释。

"Yes, now you can give yourself airs," she said, you have got what you wanted.

"对了，您现在高兴了，"她说道，这是您所期待的。

Then the LORD said to me: Rebel Israel is inwardly more just than traitorous Judah.

上主于是对我说：＂失节的以色列比失信的犹大，更显得正义。